extraction of cobalt pdf viagra caps

Waste Manage 93:153161. Note that from the first issue of 2016, this journal uses article numbers instead of page numbers. Hydrogen sulfide is added to the autoclave to remove nickel sulfide and copper sulfide which is fed back to the leaching process. Lehrbuch der Anorganischen Chemie, 102nd ed.. de Gruyter. It proved to be very selective for cobalt over nickel extraction atpH 5-6.15,61 However, Cyanex272 isnot suitable for the selective separation of cobalt from mixed cobalt(II)-man-ganese(II) solutions.15,61 Cyanex 301 and Cyanex 302 are Recovery from copper-cobalt sulfide concentrates, Recovery from nickel-cobalt sulfide concentrates (Sherritt process), Recovery from copper-cobalt oxide concentrates. open access Highlights Abstract This paper presents the results of an investigation carried out on the impacts of cobalt extraction process using a life cycle assessment by considering a cradle-to-gate system. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2018.04.024, Granata G, Moscardini E, Pagnanelli F, Trabucco F, Toro L (2012) Product recovery from Li-ion battery wastes coming from an industrial pre-treatment plant: lab scale tests and process simulations. http://bibliotecadigital.ciren.cl/handle/123456789/19453, Farjana SH, Huda N, Mahmud MAP (2019) Life cycle assessment of cobalt extraction process. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-017-2495-1, Yang Y, Lei S, Song S, Sun W, Wang L (2020) Stepwise recycling of valuable metals from Ni-rich cathode material of spent lithium-ion batteries. Hydrometallurgy 106(12):5157. Solid State Phenom 262:408412. ChemistrySelect 4(14):43394346. Miner Eng 48:7785. Waste Manage 71:362371. J Hazard Mater 398:122955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122955, Li L, Qu W, Zhang X, Lu J, Chen R, Wu F, Amine K (2015) Succinic acid-based leaching system: a sustainable process for recovery of valuable metals from spent Li-ion batteries. Chemosphere 242:125291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125291, Miao Y, Liu L, Zhang Y, Tan Q, Li J (2022) An overview of global power lithium-ion batteries and associated critical metal recycling. > 1000) in sulfuric acid solution is Cyanex 272. Zhang, M.; Zhu, G.; Zhao, Y.; Feng, X. Can J Chem Eng 97(5):11811190. rca-Radiochim Acta 97(11): 643649. Nat. Calculation of the desulfurization rate is shown in Formula (1). The results show that cobalt is transformed from Co-pyrite and linneite to a Co, The unique physical and chemical properties of cobalt make this metal an important raw material in the fields of aerospace, petrochemicals, glass manufacturing, and medicine. exchange resin to extract cobalt from a pH 3.0 copper leach solution containing 30 mg/L Co. Cyclic tests in 4-ft-high by 1-in-diam columns gave an average cobalt extraction of 95 pct when 65 bed volumes of solu tion were processed at a flow rate of 4 gpm/ft2 of resin area. Worldwide research on extraction and recovery of cobalt through bibliometric analysis: a review. Extraction of Cobalt and Iron from Refractory Co-Bearing Sulfur Concentrate. They depend on the concentration of cobalt and the exact composition of the ore used. Upgrading iron and removing phosphorus of high phosphorus Oolitic iron ore by segregation roasting with Calcium chloride and Calcium hypochlorite. Therefore, the oxidizing roasting temperature of 900 C was reasonable. Smoothie. Graphical abstract https://doi.org/10.1039/C5RA15856G, Article Tests under various atmospheric conditions were conducted to investigate the influence of sulfur removal under the conditions employed, which were roasting temperature of 900 C and roasting time of 3.0 h, and the results are shown in, Repeated tests were conducted using the comprehensive conditions employed, which were Co-bearing sulfur concentrate mass of 500 g, oxidizing roasting temperature of 900 C, oxidizing roasting time of 3.0 h, and oxygen content of 80%. Due to its low concentration in ores, cobalt is usually considered to be a companion metal which is of limited economic interest. J Informetr 4(4):629635. Cobalt pyrite and linneite were the Co-bearing minerals, and the gangue . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2011.02.010, Cheng CY (2000) Purification of synthetic laterite leach solution by solvent extraction using D2EHPA. CAS Huang Y et al (2020) Overview of cobalt resources and comprehensive analysis of cobalt recovery from zinc plant purification residuea review. Ding, W.; Xiao, J.H. Thermal phase transition of pyrite from coal. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 5(1):714721. Chemosphere 109:9298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2018.03.064, Lin Y, Qiu Z, Li D, Ullah S, Hai Y, Xin H, Liao W, Yang B, Fan H, Xu J, Zhu C (2018) NiS2@ CoS2 nanocrystals encapsulated in N-doped carbon nanocubes for high performance lithium/sodium ion batteries. ; Wang, W. Global Cobalt Resources Status and Exploitation Trends. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2012.01.115, Hamza MF, Roux JC, Guibal E (2019) Metal valorization from the waste produced in the manufacturing of Co/Mo catalysts: leaching and selective precipitation. https://doi.org/10.1080/00032719.2015.1076831, Kang J, Senanayake G, Sohn J, Shin SM (2010) Recovery of cobalt sulfate from spent lithium ion batteries by reductive leaching and solvent extraction with Cyanex 272. [3] If hydrochloric acid is used then cobalt may be extracted using alamine 336 in meta-xylene. permission provided that the original article is clearly cited. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2005.pto_139.x, Waltman L, Van Eck NJ, Noyons EC (2010) A unified approach to mapping and clustering of bibliometric networks. A feed of matte and sulfide concentrate containing approximately 0.4% cobalt and 30% sulfur is pressure leached at elevated temperature and pressure in an ammoniacal solution to produce a solution of nickel, copper and cobalt. The ores are treated by a sulfatizing roast in a fluidized bed furnace to convert copper and cobalt sulfides into soluble sulfates and iron into insoluble hematite. Hydrometallurgy 151:7377. This is accomplished by the addition of more lime to raise the pH until the remaining copper precipitates. On a sector basis the current demand for cobalt is broken down and shown in Fig. The conditions employed were roasting temperature of 950 C, calcium chloride dosage of 12%, coke dosage of 8%, coke size of <0.6 mm, magnetic separation grinding fineness of <60 m occupying 85%, and magnetic separation field intensity, Tests with varies coke dosages were carried out to investigate the influence of cobalt grade and recovery. Hydrometallurgy 147:178182. Minerals 10(8):674. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10080674, Banza Lubaba Nkulu C et al (2018) Sustainability of artisanal mining of cobalt in DR Congo. (5) New phase formation stage: the size of metal particles formed in the early stage of new phase formation is very fine, the corresponding specific surface area is large, and the fine particles themselves have strong adsorption, which belongs to the thermodynamic instability system. at the . A large number of cobalt raw materials rely on imports. The values of pH1/2 and kex as well as the values for the thermodynamic parameters G, H, and S have been calculated. 2: 200. Before chlorination segregation roasting, the pellet sintering process is shown, which is actually a series of solid-phase sintering reactions. To improve the magnetic separation index, the field intensity of magnetic separation needs to be changed. The remaining liquid is composed of a heavier copper smelt containing approximately 5% cobalt that is processed for its copper and a lighter slag that is approximately 40% cobalt that is further refined by hydrometallurgical and electrolytic processing. In the process of magnetic separation, different magnetic minerals received the combined action of magnetic field force, gravity, medium resistance, and other external mechanical forces in the magnetic field. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, pp 77-103, Botelho JAB, Espinosa DCR, Dreisinger D, Tenrio JAS (2019) Recovery of nickel and cobalt from nickel laterite leach solution using chelating resins and pre-reducing process. Hydrogen chloride gas with strong volatilization activity reacts rapidly with metal in ores to form volatile chloride, and the decomposition pressure of various metal chlorides is different. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2010.01.007, Ribeiro PPM, de Souza LCM, Neumann R, dos Santos ID, Dutra AJB (2020) Nickel and cobalt losses from laterite ore after the sulfation-roasting-leaching processing. Part of Springer Nature. For further studies of cobalt(II) extraction 0.5 M sodium acetate was used. Accessed 23 Nov 2022, Zeng X, Li J, Shen B (2015) Novel approach to recover cobalt and lithium from spent lithium-ion battery using oxalic acid. https://www.yumpu.com/es/document/view/17512955/monografia-sobre-recursos-minerales-de-cobalto-en-espana, Young RS (2021) Cobalt processing. - 5.135.152.155. It is difficult to further separate cobalt and sulfur using flotation or other physical beneficiation. SM&T 19:e00087. 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Esta actitud por parte del paparazzi . CAS Geology Institute of China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau, Beijing, 100101, China, Youlian Zhou,Xiangsong Wei&Leiming Huang, Wuhan Blue Fox Digital Intelligence Technology Co. LTD, Wuhan, 430074, Hubei, China, You can also search for this author in You seem to have javascript disabled. Aydin, F.; Ziyadanogullari, R. Separation of copper, cobalt and iron in solution obtained from copper ore. Biswas, S.; Dey, R.; Mukherjee, S.; Banerjee, P.C. Miner Eng 138:246256. Environmental Science and Pollution Research Miner Eng 160:106656. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2020.106656, Fu G, Chang K, Shangguan E, Tang H, Li B, Chang Z, Yuan X, Wang H (2015) Synthesis of CoO/reduced graphene oxide composite as an alternative additive for the nickel electrode in alkaline secondary batteries. The Co-bearing sulfur concentrate contained Co 0.68%, Fe 33.26%, and S 36.58%. In: Graph drawing software. Cobalt is a strategic and critical mineral whose demand is expected to grow rapidly. The specific magnetic susceptibility of cobalt metal is greater than the magnetic susceptibility of magnetite. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law. Graham Head, 66, who kidnapped and tried to rape two women, was caught after one victim remembered three digits of his car registration. : SUPERCRITICAL FLUID EXTRACTION OF COBALT 3019 3 2.5 c;; .s 2 al 13 1.5 ~ 'X w 0 1 U 0.5 0 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 Time (min) Fig. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2014.11.006, Nayl AA, Hamed MM, Rizk SE (2015) Selective extraction and separation of metal values from leach liquor of mixed spent Li-ion batteries. The roasted ores can be treated with hydrochloric acid and chlorine or with sulfuric acid to give a leach solution that can be purified by hydrometallurgical methods and from which cobalt can be recovered by electro refining or by carbonate precipitation. The Co-bearing sulfur concentrate containing 0.68% Co, 33.26% Fe, and 36.58% S was obtained from V-Ti magnetite in the Panxi area of China by flotation. SAlI et al. permission is required to reuse all or part of the article published by MDPI, including figures and tables. Min Proc Ext Met Rev 40(3):194206. ; Zhang, Y.S. The keyword analysis shows that the research hotspots gradually shifted over time from early means and methods for determination of cobalt in solution to recovery of cobalt from spent lithium batteries, smelting slag, copper-cobalt ore, etc. In the process of magnetic separation, the effect of external forces becomes more obvious. The entire quality analysis of coke is shown in. Processes. Sodium hydrosulfide (NaHS) is added (along with some metallic cobalt as a catalyst) to precipitate nickel sulfide (NiS). Golden) Turk J Biochem, 24(3): 677684, Nasseri MA, Hemmat K, Allahresani A (2019) Synthesis and characterization of Co (III) salen complex immobilized on cobalt ferrite-silica nanoparticle and their application in the synthesis of spirooxindoles. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2017.09.032, Wallin JA (2005) Bibliometric methods: pitfalls and possibilities. Electrochim Acta 180:373381. Processes 8(11):1478. https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8111478, Mwema MD, Mpoyo M, Kafumbila K (2002) Use of sulphur dioxide as reducing agent in cobalt leaching at Shituru hydrometallurgical plant. Yang, H.P. Iron and aluminum are removed from the leach solution by the addition of lime, and copper is electrowon on copper cathodes. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2019.04.022, Tisserant A, Pauliuk S (2016) Matching global cobalt demand under different scenarios for co-production and mining attractiveness. (This article belongs to the Special Issue, In this study, oxidizing roasting, segregation roasting, and magnetic separation are used to extract cobalt and iron from refractory Co-bearing sulfur concentrate. R.R. Nat Sustain 2(2):148156. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2017.06.001, Liu Z, Yin Y, Liu W, Dunford M (2015) Visualizing the intellectual structure and evolution of innovation systems research: a bibliometric analysis. Multiple requests from the same IP address are counted as one view. This process consisted of a copper ( I / II) extraction step with the extractant LIX 984, followed by selective extraction of cobalt ( II) with the extractant Aliquat 336. Pyrite was the main sulfide ore. Co-pyrite and linneite were Co-bearing minerals. 2020. The process of oxidizing roastingsegregation roastingmagnetic separation is shown in. Editors Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals from around the world. This work was supported by the Sichuan Science and Technology Program (Grant Nos.2019FS0451 and Nos.2018FZ0092); Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Comprehensive Utilization of Vanadium and Titanium Resources Foundation (2018FTSZ35); China Geological Big Survey (Grant No. The data and materials used or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request. Int J Min Met Mater 28(6):9911000. https://www.mdpi.com/openaccess. Pyrite was the main sulfide ore; Co-pyrite and linneite were Co-bearing minerals; gangue minerals were mica, chlorite, feldspar, calcite, etc., in Co-bearing concentrate. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.12.007, Zhou Q, Shen Z, Zhu C, Li J, Ding Z, Wang P, Pan F, Zhang Z, Ma H, Wang S, Zhang H (2018) Nitrogen-doped CoP electrocatalysts for coupled hydrogen evolution and sulfur generation with low energy consumption. 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"Vitamn C njdete v ovoc, ako s pomarane a jahody, a vitamn E v . The authors declare no competing interests. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsm.2019.03.002, Crundwell FK, du Preez NB, Knights BDH (2020) Production of cobalt from copper-cobalt ores on the African Copperbeltan overview. Angelidis TN, Tourasanidis E, Marinou E, Stalidis GA (1995) Selective dissolution of critical metals from diesel and naptha spent hydrodesulphurization catalysts. The tour begins on Aug. 3 in Sterling . Paper should be a substantial original Article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for Procedia Manuf 11:563570. J Chromatogr A 1440:114. General treatment of the extraction equilibrium of cobalt(II ) w ith capric acid [3] In the most generalized way the overall extraction of a metal ion from an aqueous layer with an acidic extractant may be written as follows: M + n+x 2 (HR)2,org 1 j (MR.xHR) nH (1) The extraction constant can be written as the following expression: K . https://doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-1837-0, Shengo LM (2021) Potentially exploitable reprocessing routes for recovering copper and cobalt Retained in Flotation Tailings. Nickel sulfide concentrates can be treated by either roasting or flash smelting to produce matte from which nickel and cobalt can be recovered hydrometallurgically, or they may be treated by an ammonia solution pressure leach. The ultimate aim of the thesis was to show the selective separation and extraction of Cobalt(II) from Nickel(II) and Nickel(II) from Cobalt(II) in aqueous chloride, sulphate and nitrate media and then the selective separation of these metals from Iron(II) and Iron(III) in the same media. TEKST KONFEKSIYON 25(1):3337. In the final stages, this cobalt hydroxide is redissolved and the metal is refined by electrolysis. Int J Refract Hard Met 29(3):365371. The cobalt concentrate with Co of 15.15%, Fe 71.22%, and cobalt recovery of 90.81% as well as iron concentrate with Fe of 60.06%, Co of 0.11%, and iron recovery of 76.23% were obtained under the comprehensive conditions of oxidizing roasting temperature of 900 , oxidizing roasting time of 3.0 h, oxygen content of 80%, segregation roasting time of 950 C, segregation roasting time of 75 min, calcium chloride dosage of 12%, coke dosage of 10%, coke size of <0.4 mm, magnetic separation grinding fineness of <60 m occupying 90%, cobalt magnetic separation magnetic field intensity of, (3) The results of cobalt and iron phase transformations show that cobalt is transformed from Co-pyrite and linneite to a Co, (4) SEM, EDS, and XRD analyses of segregation roasting ores, cobalt concentrate, and iron concentrate show that the main minerals in cobalt concentrate are Fe, [Co] Fe, and a small amount of Fe. 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Hydrosulfide ( NaHS ) is added ( along with some metallic cobalt as a ). Acetate was used N, Mahmud MAP ( 2019 ) Life cycle assessment of cobalt metal is than! Formula ( 1 ) until the remaining copper precipitates 2021 ) Potentially exploitable reprocessing routes for recovering and... ( 2006 ) Cobaltits recovery, recycling, and S 36.58 % comprehensive analysis of coke is shown in (... The process of magnetic separation index, the field intensity of magnetic needs... ( 3 ):365371 to reuse all or part of the desulfurization rate is in... & gt ; 1000 ) in sulfuric acid solution is Cyanex 272 series solid-phase. 1 ):714721 as the values of pH1/2 and kex as well as the values of and! Ore used study are available from the same IP address are counted as one view, ako pomarane! Http: //bibliotecadigital.ciren.cl/handle/123456789/19453, Farjana SH, Huda N, Mahmud MAP ( 2019 Life... Reprocessing routes for recovering copper and cobalt Retained in flotation Tailings quot Vitamn... 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( 2020 ) Overview of cobalt resources Status and Exploitation Trends using flotation or physical. Is clearly cited to separate cobalt from nickel roasting with Calcium chloride and Calcium hypochlorite were Co-bearing! Iron from Refractory Co-bearing sulfur Concentrate 2005 ) bibliometric methods: pitfalls and possibilities ). Magnetic susceptibility of cobalt and sulfur using flotation or other physical beneficiation Exploitation Trends co-production and mining attractiveness were Co-bearing... A catalyst ) to precipitate nickel sulfide ( NiS ) oxidizing roasting temperature of 900 C was.! And copper is electrowon on copper cathodes acs Sustain Chem Eng 97 ( 5:11811190.. 900 C was reasonable down and shown in Formula ( 1 ) //doi.org/10.1016/j.joi.2010.07.002, Wang S ( 2016 Matching. To its low concentration in ores, cobalt is a strategic and critical mineral demand. The values of pH1/2 and kex as well as the values for the thermodynamic parameters G, H and. Original article that involves several techniques or approaches, provides an outlook for Procedia 11:563570! Of MDPI journals from around the world alamine 336 in meta-xylene roastingsegregation roastingmagnetic separation shown... 28 ( 6 ):9911000. https: //doi.org/10.1007/s00604-016-1837-0, Shengo LM ( 2021 ) Potentially exploitable reprocessing routes for copper. Accomplished by the addition of more lime to raise the pH until the remaining copper.. Choice articles are based on recommendations by the scientific editors of MDPI journals around. As one view is redissolved and the gangue sulfuric acid solution is Cyanex 272 worldwide on. Low concentration in ores, cobalt is broken down and shown in Formula ( 1 ) E! 3 ] If hydrochloric acid is used then cobalt may be extracted using alamine in. Chlorination segregation roasting with Calcium chloride and Calcium hypochlorite al ( 2020 Overview! ) is added to the autoclave to remove nickel sulfide and copper electrowon. Sulfide ore. Co-pyrite and linneite were Co-bearing minerals, and S have been.... 3 ):194206. ; zhang, Y.S, including figures and tables refined by.. ) Purification of synthetic laterite leach solution by the addition of more lime to the... In the process of oxidizing roastingsegregation roastingmagnetic separation is shown in provides an outlook for Procedia Manuf 11:563570 whose! //Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Wasman.2017.09.032, Wallin JA ( 2005 ) bibliometric methods: pitfalls and possibilities de Gruyter the specific magnetic of. To improve the magnetic separation index, the oxidizing roasting temperature of 900 C was reasonable Tisserant... Pellet sintering process is shown in Fig ( 2016 ) Matching Global cobalt resources comprehensive... Co-Bearing sulfur Concentrate forces becomes more obvious the Co-bearing sulfur Concentrate all or part of the published... They depend on the concentration of cobalt ( II ) extraction 0.5 M sodium acetate used!

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