At present, the FDA uses serum thyroxine (T4) levels to establish the bioequivalence of LT4 products [12]. 10. Omitting TSH is illogical, considering that it is the most sensitive and easily measurable biochemical target of thyroid hormone action and because of its importance for monitoring the adequacy of LT4 treatment [14, 24]. Allan Carl has nothing to disclose. According to the 2014 ATA guidelines, a more appropriate measure of bioequivalence would be based on T4, triiodothyronine (T3) and TSH levels after daily administration for at least 46weeks conducted in athyreotic individuals [3]. However, in an editorial published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hennessey criticized this study for not directly assessing interchangeability [19]. Summary of product characteristics [document in Dutch]. A new formulation of levothyroxine engineered to meet new specification standards. Patients should be maintained on the same LT4 preparation if possible. Is levothyroxine requirement the same for tablet and soft gel formulations? Although Thyrax and Euthyrox share some excipients in common (corn starch, gelatin, lactose monohydrate), most excipients are different. Levothyroxine is used to treat hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone). The European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. This is why the same medication, from different manufacturers, look different. Euthyrox. [. Viagra; Descriptions. In December 2018, the PubMed database was searched for articles of potential interest using levothyroxine in combination with each of the following search terms: interchangeability, bioequivalence, formulations and generic. CDER scientists and their collaborators at Yale Univ. If the brand of levothyroxine medication is changed from one brand to another brand, from a brand to a generic product or from a generic product to another generic product: Patients should be re-evaluated and retested by measuring serum TSH in 6weeks; Use the same brand of thyroid medication throughout your treatment, Thyroid disease often requires lifelong therapy and is best managed with consistent and precise treatment with the same brand of thyroid hormone, Your doctor may change your dose of thyroid hormone, but the brand of your thyroid hormone medication should always stay the same, When you go to the pharmacy, do not change the brand of your thyroid medication without checking with your doctor, You should not change your dose from one brand of thyroid medication to another, from your brand of thyroid medication to a generic product, or from one generic product to another without first checking with your doctor, If your doctor changes the type of thyroid medication you are taking, you will need to have repeat blood tests and visits to your doctor to make sure that you are on the correct dose. Prescribing information. This retrospective study was designed to verify the importance of stringent approval criteria and quality control specifications that the FDA applies to generic and brand-name products, including those with a narrow therapeutic index. The approximate six-to-one ratio for generic-to-brand levothyroxine users is consistent with an increase in the prescribing of generic levothyroxine products observed in a recent study.2 However, the rate at which generic levothyroxine is prescribed lags the rate at which other generic drugs are prescribed. Eltroxin 100 micrograms per 5ml oral solution. Colucci P, DAngelo P, Mautone G, Scarsi C, Ducharme MP. 2014. Symptoms suggestive of hyper- or hypothyroidism were reported [68]. Medicinal products are considered to be pharmaceutically equivalent if they contain the same amount of the same active substance(s) in the same dosage forms that meet the same or comparable standards [10]. As an example, below is the ingredient list for two different levothyroxine products. Even small differences between LT4 formulations can cause significant changes in TSH levels. These CBD candies offer a simple and flexible . Tanguay M, Girard J, Scarsi C, Mautone G, Larouche R. Pharmacokinetics and comparative bioavailability of a levothyroxine sodium oral solution and soft capsule. Administer Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets at least 4 hours before or after drugs known to interfere with Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets absorption [see Drug Interactions (7.1)]. These revisions went into effect in October 2009 [61]. In addition, the protocol did not initially correct for baseline T4 levels, although this was changed in a later version. The FDA later included correction for baseline T4 in its protocol [12]. This protocol has been criticized by professional endocrinology associations for using healthy individuals and ignoring serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels. This is sometimes known as a "NDC preference". You ideally should not switch between different levothyroxineproducts. In the Netherlands, there was a recent shortage of the most commonly used LT4 brand (Thyrax), resulting in a forced brand switch (mainly to LT4 Teva or Euthyrox) and an increase in the reported number of adverse events [21]. I was prescribed Tylenol 3 20 tablets on 12/16/17 I am suppose to take 2 tablets every 6 hours how long will this prescription last. According to an analysis of US medical insurance claims data between 2007 and 2016, 73.6% of thyroid hormone prescription fills were for generic LT4 and 23.4% were for brand-name LT4 (the remainder comprised other thyroid hormone drugs) [42]. The penis is one of the areas where this enzyme . There are over 10 different generic manufacturers that produce levothyroxine, a thyroid replacement medication. The approximate six-to-one ratio for generic-to-brand levothyroxine users is consistent with an increase in the prescribing of generic levothyroxine products observed in a recent study. Hi, I used to take ferrous sulfate (iron tablets), and last time I went to buy them I saw another iron supplement called Amino-Iron 18mg. WASHINGTON ( NewsNation Now) Two types of thyroid medications are being voluntarily recalled by the manufacturer, according to the Food and Drug Administration. Oral LT4 is available in several formulations, including tablets, soft gel capsules and oral solution. My pharmacy only stocks the generic med made by Mylan pharma. Vita R, Fallahi P, Antonelli A, Benvenga S. The administration of L-thyroxine as soft gel capsule or liquid solution. Carswell JM, Gordon JH, Popovsky E, Hale A, Brown RS. European Thyroid Association (ETA) and Thyroid Federation International (TFI) joint position statement on the interchangeability of levothyroxine products in EU countries. Careers, Unable to load your collection due to an error. A new oral solution free from ethanol, propylene glycol and preservatives that has been shown to be bioequivalent to Tirosint capsules has also been developed [58]. 2017 Apr;5(4):246-248.2 Ross JS, Rohde S, Sangaralingham L et al. Please feel free to reach out to him directly if you have any inquiries or want to connect! King Pharmaceuticals, Inc. Levoxyl. Levothyroxine tablets. Bolton S. Bioequivalence studies for levothyroxine. Most states have provisions where a doctor can write for a specific product to be dispensed. Eisenberg M, Distefano JJ. U S Food and Drug Administration. Consult your healthcare professional (e.g.,. Aspen Pharma Trading Limited. Before There was a switch from a brand-name LT4 preparation to a generic preparation in 156 (88.1%) cases, from one brand to another in 12 (6.8%) and from one generic to another in 9 (5.1%) [68]. In order to assess the comparative effectiveness of generic versus brand levothyroxine in patients with mild hypothyroidism, CDER scientists, in collaboration with academic experts at Yale Univ. Viagra Medication Interactions Does Viagra Interact with other Medications? Jonklaas J. Update on the treatment of hypothyroidism. Another drawback of FDAs protocol is the use of healthy volunteers. If your pharmacy is constantly switching manufacturers of levothyroxine, be sure to speak with them about your concerns. According to this Guideline, medicinal products containing the same active substance are considered to be bioequivalent if they are pharmaceutically equivalent or pharmaceutical alternatives and their bioavailabilities (rate and extent) after administration in the same molar dose lie within acceptable predefined limits. Collier JW, Shah RB, Gupta A, Sayeed V, Habib MJ, Khan MA. Thyroxine: anatomy of a health scare. There are many different manufactures of generic levothyroxineproducts. Levothyroxine tablet products: a review of clinical & quality considerations. Orally administered levothyroxine (LT4) is the standard treatment for hypothyroid patients. In Europe, medicinal products are considered to be therapeutically equivalent if they contain the same active substance or therapeutic moiety and have the same clinical efficacy and safety. Garber JR, Hennessey JV. However, several of the events described as serious by the reporting clinicians may not have reached the serious threshold in clinical trials [68]. JAMA Netw Open. These pools of patients allowed the researchers to characterize patients according to features such as demographics (e.g., age, sex, race) and accordingly establish thousands of matches suitable for comparing the response to generic or brand-name levothyroxine treatment. The .gov means its official.Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Some of studies cited include analyses, or studies with human participants, performed by the authors and completed prior to the initiation of this manuscript. Evaluate the need for dose adjustments when regularly administering within one hour of certain foods that may affect Levothyroxine Sodium Tablets absorption [see Drug However, no adverse events were reported in a study that included 14 pregnant women treated with liquid LT4 [57]. The influence of tablet formulation, drug concentration, and pH modification on the stability of extemporaneously compounded levothyroxine suspensions. However, most studies showing better absorption with soft gel or liquid LT4 formulations compared with tablets were published after the ATA guidelines were released. If the patient needs to switch to a new LT4 product, physicians should ensure that the dose is adjusted to suit the patient. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted [email protected] 44 20 8123 2220 (UK) +1 732 587 5005 (US) Contact Us | FAQ|. In the images shown here, the spectrum of gray shades indicates lower levels of thyroid hormone (lighter gray, from left of spectrum) to higher levels of thyroid hormone (with abnormally high hormone levels at the far right). See our product listing, including: NDCs, Size, Dosage Forms and more. Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (MHRA). The switch was made by the pharmacy in 99.4% of cases, and 91.6% of these were carried out without the physicians knowledge. Misinterpretation of the new formulation, which looked different to the old formulation may also have been a factor, i.e., a belief that the new formulation was generic leading to negative perceptions (nocebo effect) [82]. Although the different manufacturers are making the same strength of levothyroxine, small differences in products (e.g. Alara Pharm (Sandoz) Levothyroxine Sales (K MT), Revenue ($ Million), Price (USD/Unit) and Gross Margin (2019-2021E) Table 94. Using the FDA criteria, the new formulations have been shown to be bioequivalent to the old formulations (Table3) [6264]. Learn more about Levothyroxine Sodium Synthroid, Levoxyl, Levothroid, Unithroid, Tirosint, Levo-T, including a description, generic and brand names, drug class and mechanism, preparations, storage, reasons for prescription, dosing, drug interactions, effect on pregnancy and nursing mothers, and common side effects. Euthyrox tablets contain magnesium stearate (E 572) and croscarmellose sodium (E 468) [77]. In 11.1% of cases, adverse events were reported after refills with the same LT4 preparation, while in most cases, adverse events were reported after generic substitution for brand-name LT4. Provell Pharmaceuticals, LLC. The proportion of generic LT4 fills increased from 59.8% in 2007 to 84.9% in 2016. Bioequivalence of LT4 formulations is defined as the absence of a significant difference in bioavailability, expressed in terms of the maximum concentration (Cmax) or area under the curve (AUC), of the active ingredient of a drug product when administered at the same molar dose in healthy volunteers [14, 18, 22]. With regard to generic and branded LT4 preparations, endocrinologists around the world differ in their preferences. This article reports on a study that found that generic levothyroxine is as effective as its brand name counterparts for the initial treatment of mild thyroid dysfunction. Hennessey JV, Malabanan AO, Haugen BR, Levy EG. Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, Burman KD, Cappola AR, Celi FS, et al. This article is based on previously conducted studies and does not contain any studies with animals performed by any of the authors. These combinations returned 10, 120, 128 and 79 entries, respectively. Why You Should Stay On The Same Levothyroxine Brand TSH normalization in bariatric surgery patients after the switch from. FiercePharma reports (April 22, 2019) that: "India's Torrent Pharmaceutical recalled 104 lots of losartan [and losartan plus hydrochlorothiazide] over the weekend because they contained an impurity suspected of causing cancer." Hennessey JV. 1 Rodriguez-Gutierrez R, Maraka S, Ospina NS et al. If you have a prescription, that says for example: "Levothyroxine 50 mcg, Sandoz brand, DAW", it must legally be dispensed that way. Minimum of at least: 1 Hour of Cultural Competency, and. These results were unexpected because the generic was reported to be 12.5% more bioavailable than Synthroid. Objective: To determine the association of levothyroxine treatment for subclinical hypothyroidism with thyroid-related quality of life in adults aged 80 years and older. Canaris GJ, Manowitz NR, Mayor G, Ridgway EC. Virili C, Antonelli A, Santaguida MG, Benvenga S, Centanni M. Gastrointestinal malabsorption of thyroxine. Physicians should alert patients that their LT4 prescription may be switched at the pharmacy, encourage patients to ask to remain on the same preparation at every refill, and make sure that patients understand that they need to have their TSH retested every time their LT4 product is switched [13, 19]. Ross JS, Rohde S, Sangaralingham L, Brito JP, Choi L, Dutcher SK, et al. In patients with subclinical hypothyroidism while in therapy with tablet L-T4, the liquid L-T4 formulation is more effective in restoring euthyroidism. Once a generic LT4 has been shown to be bioequivalent to a brand-name LT4, it may be substituted for that brand-name LT4 with no need for dose adjustment or follow-up therapeutic monitoring. Comparison of TSH levels with liquid formulation versus tablet formulations of levothyroxine in the treatment of adult hypothyroidism. Teva levothyroxine tablets contain maize starch, mannitol (E421), microcrystalline cellulose, sodium citrate, acacia and magnesium stearate [76]. Founded in 1923, the ATA is a professional society of 900 U.S. and international physicians and scientists who specialize in the research and treatment of thyroid diseases. Accessibility Posted 42 months ago (12/13/2019) 1. Expert review of Medsafes pre-licensing Assessment and Pharmacovigilance Activities for a new formulation of Eltroxin 50 mcg and 100 mcg tablets: conducted by the UK MHRA and Regulatory Agency for the New Zealand Ministry of Health. The US Pharmacopeia revised their monograph for levothyroxine sodium tablets to support this change. For adverse events with reported TSH levels, approximately 60% occurred in patients with normal TSH levels (suggesting that patients were receiving the right dose), and 1520% in patients with TSH levels indicative of hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism [21]. Hypothyroidism in the elderly: who should be treated and how? Al-Numani D, Scarsi C, Ducharme MP. These numbers are not unusual by themselves. Of these, 177 (88.9%) were reported after LT4 tablets had been switched [68]. government site. You have two options to ensure you get the samemanufacturer of levothyroxineevery time you get a fill of the medication: In most situations, the pharmacy shouldbe able to accommodate your request based on the availability of the product you need. TSH-based protocol, tablet instability, and absorption effects on L-T4 bioequivalence. Under a policy of allowing generic levothyroxine substitution, said Gregory Brent, MD, ATA Secretary, more frequent thyroid function testing will be necessary. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you're on a federal government site. Pituitary Thyrotropin (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone, TSH) Suppression An official website of the United States government, : Limitations of levothyroxine bioequivalence evaluation: analysis of an attempted study. 2002. Oral L-thyroxine liquid versus tablet in patients with hypothyroidism without malabsorption: a prospective study. The site is secure. These results suggest that these AB-rated products are not clinically interchangeable in patients with severe congenital hypothyroidism, and may have implications for other vulnerable populations [19, 72]. Switching between two products could compromise the effectiveness of treatment and even result in serious side effects.. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. Katz M, Scherger J, Conard S, Montejano L, Chang S. Healthcare costs associated with switching from brand to generic levothyroxine. According to a survey of 880 members of The Endocrine Society (TES), the American Thyroid Association (ATA) and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE), 49.9% of respondents preferred brand-name LT4, while 49.3% preferred generic LT4. This guideline is focused on immediate-release formulations of chemical entities with systemic action, while modified-release, transdermal and orally inhaled formulations, as well as biologicals, are not covered. Patients need to understand that the recommendation to stay on the same LT4 formulation is based on the concern that switching products could lead to changes in TSH that require TSH testing and dose adjustment [3]. This may be a particular concern in vulnerable populations, including elderly, pregnant, and pediatric patients. (FALLS CHURCH, VA)Two organizations representing more than 5,400 clinical endocrinologists today warned patients taking thyroid medication, prescribing physicians, and pharmacists dispensing these drugs that clinically important differences do, in fact, exist between one recently approved generic levothyroxine preparation and the most widely prescribed brand of levothyroxine. Fliers E, Demeneix B, Bhaseen A, Brix TH. pinpoint red spots on skin recurrent fever severe nausea skin rash unusual bleeding or bruising upper right abdominal pain vomiting yellow eyes or skin Some side effects may occur that usually do not need medical attention. Lipp HP, Hostalek U. CDER scientists and their colleagues at Yale University-Mayo Clinic Center of Excellence in Regulatory Science and Innovation (CERSI)4 recently investigated the clinical initiation of levothyroxine over a ten-year period (2008-2017) to address the residual concern from the clinical community as to whether generic and brand-name levothyroxine have proven equally effective for patients with mild hypothyroidism. Small differences in levothyroxineproducts can have a significant impact. A report about an ongoing trial of the drug from Raleigh-based Sprout Pharmaceuticals for treatment of low sexual desire in women finds in interim results that the so called 'female Viagra' can . Levothyroxine is a thyroid medicine that replaces a hormone normally produced by your thyroid gland to regulate the body's energy and metabolism. See related articles on Bioequivalence of Levothyroxine, Change In Thyroid Nodule Volume Calculator, Find an Endocrinology Thyroid Specialist, Clinical Thyroidology for the Public (CTFP). There are about 100 drugs that can have dangerous and even life-threatening effects if you eat grapefruit or drink grapefruit juice while taking them, but levothyroxine, a thyroid hormone drug . Inclusion in an NLM database does not imply endorsement of, or agreement with, Generic and brand-name. According to bioequivalence data used to acquire FDA approval, one recently approved generic levothyroxine preparation (Sandoz Levothyroxine Sodium) is significantly more potent than the most widely used brand of levothyroxine (Synthroid). Read more about the prescription drug Levothyroxine Sodium (Synthroid Levoxyl . Randomized, open-label, single-dose, two-way crossover study to determine the relative bioavailability of a reformulated levothyroxine tablet compared with the commercial tablet (Levoxyl. These guidelines refer to research conducted by Mayor and colleagues [34], who re-analyzed data previously published by Dong and colleagues [35], showing that LT4 products considered to be both pharmacokinetically and therapeutically bioequivalent were not in fact therapeutically bioequivalent when correction for baseline T4 was applied [34]. Tirosint/Tiche/Syntroxine is a unique LT4 product available in the USA and Europe as a soft-gel capsule, and in Europe as a liquid formulation [2, 31, 37]. Although several LT4 products do have similar pharmacokinetic performance, this is not assured for each of the AB-rated pairs because not all have been directly compared in pharmacokinetic studies [2]. In order to assess bioequivalence of immediate release formulations at a steady state, analysis of AUC(0) and Cmax,SS is recommended. doi:10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.17645. Yet, we think that with a half-life of approximately 1 h, a minimum of four measurements (two baseline, one intermediate and one final) could be added to the FDA protocol with little extra cost incurred. The FDA assigns an AB+number TE code to LT4 tablets (Table2) [2533]. Smoothie. Both the FDA and the societies recommend that patients switching between levothyroxine products have repeat thyroid blood testing to be certain that the treatment dose remains effective and safe. Geometric mean ratios of pharmacokinetic parameters for baseline-adjusted total plasma thyroxine after administration of new versus old formulations of levothyroxine (600g) in healthy volunteers [7072], AUC(048h) area under the concentrationtime curve from 0 to 48h, AUC(072h) area under the concentrationtime curve from 0 to 72h, Cmax maximum concentration, NA not assessed. 4 CONTRAINDICATIONS The ATA and AACE have repeatedly expressed their concerns about the FDAs recent decision to approve generic substitutes for levothyroxine products and its implications for the millions of Americans who depend on this drug. The tour begins on Aug. 3 in Sterling . Patel H, Stalcup A, Dansereau R, Sakr A. 2016. Ok, so I talked with my endo about the Levoxyl recall and he wants me to just go with the generic form of levothyroxine for now. This review describes problems that can be encountered when switching between formulations or when original products are reformulated. The TSH reference range for the general population is 0.44.5 mIU/L [1, 3], but may increase with age (depending on dietary iodine intake), so that the upper limit is~56 mIU/L in patients aged>7090years [65]. Virili C, Giovanella L, Fallahi P, Antonelli A, Santaguida MG, Centanni M, et al. Spotlight articles should not be construed to represent FDAs views or policies. All patients included had filled a generic levothyroxine preparations from the top three most common manufacturers -- Mylan, Sandoz, and Lannett -- from 2008 to 2019. This supplement has been sponsored by Merck. Napumpujte ho antioxidantmi a vitamnmi! One common code indicates therapeutic equivalence between products, cAll formulations except Euthyrox also contain colorants that differ according to tablet dose. Prescribing information. 2013. Approved drug products with therapeutic equivalence evaluations. The French Agence Nationale de Scurit des Mdicaments (ANSM) also requires that LT4 products retain 95105% of LT4 content, whereas 90105% is acceptable in the UK [24, 38]. Statement on thyroxine preparations available in Australia. Burch HB, Burman KD, Cooper DS, Hennessey JV. If a switch to another LT4 formulation is made (for instance, because the waiting time between LT4 ingestion and breakfast is an issue for the patient or because the patient is co-ingesting drugs known to impair the intestinal absorption of LT4), repeat thyroid function testing is recommended (i.e., serum TSH testing within 4weeks to determine whether dose adjustment is required) [3, 13, 19, 21]. The Euthyrox tablet formulation available since March 2017 no longer contains a lactose excipient, which may be beneficial for patients who are lactose-intolerant [24, 43]. The effect of excipients on the stability of levothyroxine sodium pentahydrate tablets. U.S. Food and Drug Administration. A range of LT4 tablet brand-name and generic formulations are also available in Europe and used interchangeably (brand-name products include Eltroxin, Euthyrox/Levothyrox, Thyrax, Tirosint, Eutirox, Letrox and Levaxin) [21, 38, 40, 41]. Summary of product characteristics. I am back on Levoxyl + Cytomel. According to the US FDA system of evaluation for therapeutic equivalence, preparations with the same TE code are considered to be interchangeable (Table2) [31, 32]. Given this high prescription rate, the FDA approval of multiple generic products has provided patients with additional options for filling levothyroxine prescriptions and has reduced health care costs for millions of patients.1. In their joint letter, the ATA, the ES and the AACE pointed out that pharmacokinetic assessments are not suitable for biologics and that the protocol does not include TSH assessment [13]. 2020 Sep 30;3(9):e2017645. Caution is advised when prescribing ethanol-containing products to certain patients, including pregnant and lactating women and patients with liver disease or epilepsy [41]. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. They caution those who dispense and pay for levothyroxine products that there can be serious health consequences if patients and their doctors are not fully informed about the potential risks of substitution and the requirement for retesting if they choose to switch to another levothyroxine preparation. Risks of reformulation: french patients complain after Merck modifies levothyroxine pills. Gibaldi M. Bioequivalence of thyroid preparations: the final word? viagra (sildenafil) - comm regarding whether to add language concerning melanome or skin cancer to the lblg . It is possible that some levothyroxine prescribers, in favoring brand-name product out of concern over the narrow therapeutic index of the drug, are not aware that FDA bioequivalence standards ensure that generic products do not differ in safety, efficacy, or quality (including potency) from regulatory standards that govern brand-name products.3 Indeed, the FDA has recommended that approval of generic levothyroxine products be based on a detailed, complex bioequivalence study design with narrower margin for allowable pharmacokinetic differences between the generic and brand-name products. The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Again, suggested contributing factors included poor communication and intense media interest [74, 81, 82]. Guideline on the investigation of bioequivalence. A retrospective study of children with congenital hypothyroidism treated with either Synthroid or generic LT4 noted no difference in TSH levels or clinical outcomes, and the authors suggested that this implied interchangeability [71]. Levothyroxine is known as a narrow therapeutic index drug. Guglielmi V, Bellia A, Bianchini E, Medea G, Cricelli I, Sbraccia P, et al. Alternative brands were made available in both countries, and the level of adverse event reporting returned to baseline, with many patients still receiving the new Eltroxin formulation [21, 74]. U S Food and Drug Administration. 2 Hours of Elimination of Bias. New levothyroxine formulation meeting 95105% specification over the whole shelf-life: results from two pharmacokinetic trials. 2002. The Association is dedicated to promoting scientific and public understanding of the biology of the thyroid gland and its disorders, so as to improve methods for their prevention, diagnosis, and management. Any change between various LT4 formulations in such patients should be performed with special care. AACE is a professional medical organization with over 4,900 members in the United States and 70 other countries. Approved drug products with therapeutic equivalence evaluations. Euthyrox is a replacement for a hormone normally produced by your thyroid gland to regulate the body's energy and metabolism. Produce levothyroxine, a thyroid replacement medication unexpected because the generic was reported to be %... The new formulations have been shown to be dispensed, Bhaseen a, E., et al uses serum thyroxine ( T4 ) levels to establish the bioequivalence of thyroid preparations: the word. And ignoring serum thyroid-stimulating hormone ( TSH ) levels to establish the bioequivalence of thyroid preparations: the word!, Chang S. Healthcare costs associated with switching from Brand to generic levothyroxine liquid solution error... 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