The plasma concentrations of selegiline were increased approximately two-fold in patients who received carbamazepine 400 mg/day for 14 days. MAOIs have been demonstrated to be superior to TCAs in the treatment of atypical depression (ie, depression marked by symptoms of hypersomnia, hyperphagia, severe lack of energy) (Quitkin et al 1988) and are considered effective alternatives for patients with TCA refractory depression (Roose et al 1986; McGrath et al 1987). One individual taking selegiline together with ephedrine experienced a serious side effect known as hypertensive crisis, in which blood pressure can reach dangerous levels. Clinical pharmacology of monoamine oxidase inhibitors. gov. The clinical efficacy of transdermal selegiline monotherapy has been established in 4 published double-blind, placebo-controlled studies (Table 4) (Bodkin and Amsterdam 2002; Amsterdam 2003; Feiger et al 2006; Amsterdam and Bodkin 2006). In addition, there is interest in studying the effects of STS in the treatment of cocaine abuse (Houtsmuller et al 2004) and nicotine dependence (ClinicalTrials 2007). If you are a Mayo Clinic patient, this could Tyramine kinetics and pressor sensitivity during monoamine oxidase inhibition by selegiline. Review/update the The results of the extensive body of clinical trials, including delayed and lower levodopa requirements, may indeed suggest that selegiline, in addition to conferring symptomatic benefit, may have other effects on disease progression. Abbreviations: CGI-S, Clinical Global Impression-Severity of Illness Scale; CGI-C, Clinical Global Impression-Change Scale; MADRS, Montgomery Asberg Depression Rating Scale; HAM-D-17, -28, 17 and 28 item Hamilton Depression Rating Scales; IDS-SR, Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology (Self-reported). 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Selected from data included with permission and copyrighted by First Databank, Inc. Continuity of antidepressant treatment for adults with depression in the United States. In individuals treated with conventional oral MAOIs, ingestion of small amounts of tyramine (eg, 8 mg) can result in the cheese reaction. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press. Tyramine pressor responses were assessed in fasted and fed states. It is very important that your doctor check your progress at regular visits to allow for changes in your dose. Studies indicate that the actual risk of a clinically significant tyramine-provoked event with the STS is rare and may be considered negligible (Azzaro et al 2006; Blob et al 2007). This copyrighted material has been downloaded from a licensed data provider and is not for distribution, except as may be authorized by the applicable terms of use. A study was performed to assess for differences in tyramine pressor dose between STS and conventional oral selegiline treatment. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of orthostasis (additive effects, methylene blue reversibly inhibits monoamine oxidase) Mawhinney M, Cole D, Azzaro AJ. Transdermal selegiline may potentially play a role in conditions other than MDD. Currently, conventional MAOIs continue to be used in various neurologic (eg, headache) (Evans et al 2006) and psychiatric (eg, anxiety and mood) conditions, albeit not widely. See also Precautions section. This content does not have an English version. Check with your doctor or hospital emergency room immediately if severe headache, stiff neck, chest pains, fast heartbeat, or nausea and vomiting occur while you are taking this medicine. Read More. However, at high oral dosages of selegiline, the specificity for MAO-B is lost and non-selective inhibition of MAO (ie, MAO-A and MAO-B) confers antidepressant effects with the attendant risk of a tyramine-provoked event. Carbamazepine is an enzyme inducer and typically causes decreases in drug . Otherwise, call a poison control center right away. Enter your medication into the WebMD interaction checker, FDA Labeling for selegiline HCl on RxList. There is no accumulation of the drug in the skin. Whether or not it might be effective as a sole treatment is unknown, but past attempts to treat Parkinson's disease with non-selective MAOI monotherapy are reported to have been Cardiovascular response was monitored after the meals and no clinically significant changes in vital signs (eg, SBP) were observed. Monoamine oxidases are ubiquitous enzymes that exist in mammalian tissues in two genetically distinct forms, referred to as MAO-A and MAO-B (Youdim and Finberg 1983). Mahmood I. Reimann IW, Firkusny L, Antonin KH, et al. Properly discard this product when it is expired or no longer needed. information submitted for this request. As mentioned previously, the added benefit of the residual drug remaining in the patch for more than 24 hours may offer a slight advantage to oral medications. Selegiline metabolism and cytochrome P450 enzymes: in vitro study in human liver microsomes. Feinberg SS. Abbreviations: STS, selegiline transdermal system. If you take too much selegiline, you may experience a sudden and dangerous increase in your blood pressure. Enter other medications to view a detailed report. An official website of the United States government. During the study period, 88% and 96% of patients received 9 mg/24 hours or the equivalent-sized placebo patch, respectively. Following a crossover design with a washout period of 3 months between active treatments, the pressor effects of tyramine following treatment with STS was compared with that obtained with oral selegiline (10 mg/day). Patients who received STS had significant improvement in the primary efficacy measure, HAM-D-28, compared with patients who received placebo (p = 0.03) at weeks 5 and 8. Click here for an email preview. View interaction reports for selegiline and the medicines listed below. Experimental studies have demonstrated that the antidepressant-like effect of selegiline requires greater than 70% inhibition of MAO-A activity (Gordon et al 1999). Conversely, if EMSAM is discontinued, at least 2 weeks should elapse before initiating therapy with a drug that is contraindicated. Schulz R, Antonin KH, Hoffmann E, et al. Foods that have a high tyramine content (most common in foods that are aged or fermented to increase their flavor), such as cheeses, fava or broad bean pods, yeast or meat extracts, smoked or pickled meat, poultry, or fish, fermented sausage (bologna, pepperoni, salami, summer sausage) or other fermented meat, sauerkraut, or any overripe fruit. The antidepressant quandary considering suicide risk when treating adolescent depression. Although the difference is statistically significant, no clinically meaningful differences in safety were noted. In the US, the selegiline transdermal system (STS; EMSAM) is the first antidepressant transdermal delivery system to receive Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved labeling for the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Discuss with your doctor how much time to wait between starting or stopping any of these drugs and taking selegiline. It is used in newly diagnosed patients with Parkinson's disease. Drug interaction precautions are recommended for the STS (Table 3), similar to those recommended for high dose oral selegiline and other non-selective MAOIs. 2005 - 2023 WebMD LLC, an Internet Brands company. 127 are major, 376 are moderate, and 2 are minor. In 1963, a pharmacist communicated observations to an English psychiatrist named Blackwell. Tyramine and irreversible monoamine oxidase inhibitors in clinical practice. Most of the patients had recurrent major depressive episode and the mean HAM-D-17 scores at baseline were similar for selegiline and placebo groups. At the end of the study, 152 subjects (86%) had completed the trial and 9 of these patients dropped out of the study due to adverse events (4 patients in selegiline, 5 patients with placebo). At the end of the 8 week study, 206 patients completed the study with approximately 22% drop out rate due to primary reasons of lost to follow up and adverse event. Most of the patients were Caucasian female with recurrent major depression, similarly to the two previous studies. Some products that may interact with selegiline include: antidepressants (including bupropion, maprotiline, mirtazapine), other MAO inhibitors (isocarboxazid, linezolid, metaxalone, methylene blue, moclobemide, phenelzine, procarbazine, rasagiline, safinamide, tranylcypromine), appetite suppressants (such as diethylpropion), drugs for attention deficit disorder (such as atomoxetine, methylphenidate), apraclonidine, buspirone, carbamazepine/oxcarbazepine, cyclobenzaprine, deutetrabenazine, certain herbal products (such as ephedra/ma huang), cold medications/nasal decongestants (such as phenylephrine, phenylpropanolamine, pseudoephedrine), fentanyl, metoclopramide, street drugs (such as LSD, mescaline), stimulants (such as amphetamines, ephedrine), supplements (such as tryptophan, tyramine), tetrabenazine, certain "triptans" used to treat migraine headaches (such as rizatriptan, sumatriptan, zolmitriptan), valbenazine. In a recent study, adherence rates for anti-depressant medications for more than 90 days after initiation of medication was less than 30% (Olfson et al 2006). Sign up for free and stay up to date on research advancements, health tips, current health topics, and expertise on managing health. After you have been taking selegiline for 2 or 3 days, your doctor may direct you to lower your levodopa dose. No effects are caused by butter or milkIf cheese is indeed the factor, it could perhaps explain the sporadic nature of incidence of the side-effect. (Blackwell et al 1967). Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Discuss the risks and benefits with your doctor. The selegiline transdermal system (STS; EMSAM), is the only MAOI available in the US for the treatment of MDD that does not require dietary restriction at the clinically effective dose of 6 mg/24 hours. For example, due to a risk of serotonin toxicity, several weeks should elapse after discontinuing antidepressants (5 weeks for fluoxetine and 2 weeks for other antidepressants) before starting therapy with EMSAM. The mean half-life of selegiline is approximately 1.5 hours (Mahmood 1997). The actual risk of various drug interactions with MAOIs is not always clearly established. These may be symptoms of a serious side effect that should have a doctor's attention. It does not cure Parkinson's disease, but it may improve shakiness (tremor), muscle stiffness, loss of normal movement as your dose of other Parkinson's medication wears off (end-of-dose failure), and sudden switching between normal movement and stiffness ("on-off" problems). This medicine works to increase and extend the effects of levodopa, and may help to slow the progress of Parkinson's disease. McDaniel KD. Other features include dilated pupils, hypertension, neck stiffness, photophobia, reflex bradycardia with chest tightness, and sweating. One individual taking selegiline together with ephedrine experienced a serious side effect known as hypertensive crisis, in which blood pressure can reach dangerous levels. It is unknown whether selegiline is excreted in breast milk in humans. Your doctor may want you to reduce gradually the amount you are taking before stopping completely. Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: a certain kind of adrenal gland tumor (pheochromocytoma), cerebrovascular disease (such as stroke), heart problems (such as congestive heart failure, heart attack), bleeding problems, history of severe/frequent headaches, peptic ulcer, diabetes, personal/family history of mental/mood disorders (such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder), personal/family history of high blood pressure, liver disease, overactive thyroid (hyperthyroidism). Ask your pharmacist about the safe use of those products. Some people who have used this medicine had unusual changes in their behavior. The criteria for all three short-term efficacy studies were the presence of single or recurrent unipolar major depression in out-patients with a HAM-D-17 score of 20. Selegiline - also known as L-deprenyl - is a drug similar in structure to the neurotransmitter phenylethylamine [ 1 ]. Do not take other medicines unless they have been discussed with your doctor. Medications to be avoided or used with caution in combination with Selegiline HCL (Eldepryl, Deprenyl, Zelapar), Rasagiline (Azilect) and Safinamide (Xadago) Medication Type Medication Name Brand Name Narcotics/Analgesics Meperidine Tramadol Methadone Propoxyphene Demerol Ultram Dolophine Darvon Subscribe to Drugs.com newsletters for the latest medication news, new drug approvals, alerts and updates. [Accessed June 26, 2007]. This may be an important feature as a majority of patients diagnosed with MDD also meet criteria for an additional psychiatric diagnosis (Kessler et al 2003) and may be co-prescribed other psychotropic medications that are CYP450 substrates. Practice guideline for the treatment of patients with major depressive disorder (revision). Patients and clinicians should monitor for signs of suicidality, worsening of symptoms, and/or changes in behavior, especially at the initiation of treatment and during dosage changes. The most notable adverse effect in the STS group was application site reaction, and no cases of hypertensive reaction were reported. These foods, beverages, and medicines include: Also, for at least 2 weeks after you stop taking this medicine, these foods, beverages, and other medicines may continue to react with selegiline if it was taken in doses higher than those usually used for Parkinson's disease. In an open-label study, 16 healthy adult male subjects were enrolled to receive STS 6 mg/24 hours for 13 days (Blob et al 2007). Selegiline transdermal system (STS) was designed to treat MDD and overcome the dietary safety concerns that exist with the conventional oral MAOIs. Background A selective, irreversible inhibitor of Type B monoamine oxidase. In summary, STS 6 mg/24 hours is effective as monotherapy for MDD. Although the EMSAM product labeling states that the drug is contraindicated with sympathomimetic amines (due to risk of hypertensive crisis), the combination of an MAOI with a stimulant has been used safely in depression. Comparative efficacy and safety of MAOIs versus TCAs in treating depression in the elderly. In elderly patients, a target maintenance dose of 6 mg/24 hours is recommended. Derived from Somerset Pharmaceuticals (2006), Taylor et al (2006). In vitro, selegiline causes a concentration-dependent inhibition of several CYP450 isoenzymes but at concentrations of 10 M or greater. You'll soon start receiving the latest Mayo Clinic health information you requested in your inbox. Selegiline is well tolerated, and initial fears of increased mortality with the drug have not been borne out by . Tranylcypromine versus venlafaxine plus mirtazapine following three failed antidepressant medication trials for depression: a STAR*D report. Do not stop or change the dose of any of your medications without first talking with your doctor. Your risk of this sleep effect is increased by using alcohol or other medications that can make you drowsy. Store at room temperature away from light and moisture. A review of the recent literature revealed no documented reports of clinically significant hypertensive events or fatalities occurring when the stimulant was cautiously added to a MAOI (Feinberg 2004). An update. The combination of selegiline and oral contraceptives or drugs for hormone replacement therapy, should be avoided, as this combination may increase the bioavailability of selegiline. selegiline, along with A placebo-controlled comparison. Combining stimulants with monoamine oxidase inhibitors: a review of uses and one possible additional indication. Salonen JS, Nyman L, Boobis AR, et al. Do not drive or do anything that could be dangerous until you know how this medicine affects you. Highly clinically significant. The efficacy analyses were conducted in the intent-to-treat study group using the last observation carried forward (LOCF) analysis and included all patients who were randomized to treatment with selegiline and had at least one evaluation. Liebowitz MR, Schneier F, Campeas R, et al. Experimental studies fail to show significant drugdrug interactions between STS and psychotropic drugs such as olanzapine, risperidone, and alprazolam, that are CYP1A2, 2D6 and 3A4 substrates, respectively (Azzaro et al 2007b). Shulman KI, Walker SE, MacKenzie S, et al. Treatment of tricyclic refractory depression with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor antidepressant. Furthermore, the dietary restrictions are advised for at least 2 weeks after either dose reduction (eg, from 9 mg or 12 mg/24 hours to 6 mg/24 hours) or discontinuation of the 9 mg or 12 mg/24 hour patches. In one group of 12 subjects treated with STS 6 mg/24 hours for 9 days and then 33 days (with a 3 month washout between treatments), the mean tyramine pressor doses (ie, dose of tyramine HCl required to achieve a sustained increase above baseline in systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 30 mmHg for 3 consecutive readings), in the absence of food, at 9 and 33 days were 292 mg and 204 mg, respectively (p < 0.05). Promptly consult your doctor or pharmacist. Evaluation of the potential for pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug interactions between selegiline transdermal system and two sympathomimetic agents (pseudoephedrine and phenylpropanolamine) in healthy volunteers. Refining the MAOI diet: tyramine content of pizzas and soy products. The risk of serotonin syndrome/toxicity increases if you are also taking other drugs that increase serotonin. However, in the STS clinical studies (vide post), the majority of patients were female and dietary tyramine was allowed in all but one of these studies. Does selegiline oral interact with other drugs you are taking? National Library of Medicine; 2007. Oral versus transdermal selegiline: antidepressant-like activity in rats. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist. Do not share this medication with others. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. It may improve your range of motion and ability to walk, dress, and exercise. Select a condition to view a list of medication options. The patient in each observation was the pharmacists wife and involved a reaction after co-ingestion of tranylcypromine with cheese. Despite the data supporting the dietary safety of EMSAM, the manufacturer does recommend that when initiating therapy with 9 mg/24 hours or 12 mg/24 hours, tyramine-containing foods should be avoided (Table 2). Selegiline is also sometimes used "off . Although post-marketing experience may have varying effects on adherence, the potential benefit of a patch versus an oral medication should be a therapeutic consideration. Either increases toxicity of the other by sympathetic (adrenergic) effects, including increased blood pressure and heart rate. Georgotas A, McCue RE, Hapworth W, et al. Walker SE, Shulman KI, Tailor SA, Gardner D. Tyramine content of previously restricted foods in monoamine oxidase inhibitor diets. Do not stop taking this medicine without first checking with your doctor. Most frequently checked interactions View interaction reports for selegiline and the medicines listed below. a CYP3A4 and CYP3A5 substrate, did not affect the pharmacokinetics of alprazolam or selegiline [see DRUG INTERACTIONS]. Portions of this document last updated: May 01, 2023. Not all possible interactions are listed in this medication guide. If you experience increased sleepiness or fall asleep during the day, do not drive or take part in other possibly dangerous activities until you have discussed this effect with your doctor. Things to remember when you fill your prescription. Getting up slowly may help. Selegiline-treated patients exhibited a significantly improved sexual function compared with placebo-treated patients (F = 4.78, df = 1, 145, p = 0.03). Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects. Transdermal selegiline in HIV-associated cognitive impairment: pilot, placebo-controlled study. information highlighted below and resubmit the form. Somerset Pharmaceuticals I. EMSAM(r) Selegiline Transdermal System; Princeton: 2006. Of the total drug interactions, STS-treated patients experienced significantly less relapse (16.8%) than placebo-treated patients (30.7%) (p = 0.0025) at the end of the study. MAO-B is primarily responsible for degrading dopamine. Patients with pheochromocytoma should not receive EMSAM. In a third study enrolling 265 patients with MDD, patients were randomized, in a double-blind manner, to STS or placebo (Feiger et al 2006). Alcoholic beverages or alcohol-free or reduced-alcohol beer and wine. APA. Feiger AD, Rickels K, Rynn MA, et al. Selegiline is metabolized by hepatic CYP450 isoenzymes to 3 principal metabolites, N-desmethylselegiline, levo-methamphetamine, and levo-amphetamine (Shin 1997) (Figure 1). Clinical response and risk for reported suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in pediatric antidepressant treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Bieck PR, Antonin KH. Only one of the four studies assessed dosages exceeding 6 mg/24 hours; therefore, it is uncertain whether higher doses correspond to better efficacy. Patients who are prescribed EMSAM should be counseled on the issue of dietary safety and potential drug interactions. If any of these effects last or get worse, tell your doctor or pharmacist promptly. In addition, because molecular scaffolds of carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine are tricyclic, the use of these two agents is contraindicated with EMSAM due to theoretical concerns of serotonin syndrome. Although there was a difference in the HAM-D-17 scores between the treatment groups, the difference was not statistically significant. Azzaro AJ, Ziemniak J, Kemper E, et al. Within the treatment duration of 3393 days, difference in the mean tyramine pressor dose were not statistically significant (p = 0.36), suggesting that a pharmacodynamic steady state (tyramine pressor sensitivity) is achieved by 33 days of treatment. While adherence rates for taking oral medications daily compared with a daily patch is debatable, adherence to antidepressant medications remains a significant challenge to ensuring appropriate treatment of depression and preventing relapse (Lin et al 2003). Background Mnire's disease is a progressive disease of the inner ear characterized by vertigo, tinnitus, and hearing loss. The STS allows the drug to be delivered directly into the systemic circulation rather than through the intestinal wall or the liver, thereby allowing selegiline to bypass hepatic first pass metabolism. The STS 6 mg/24 hours has a much wider margin of dietary safety than conventional oral tranylcypromine. The introduction of EMSAM overcomes many of the safety concerns affiliated with the conventional oral MAO inhibitors and EMSAM may be considered another strategy for the treatment of MDD, especially in patients who cannot tolerate oral antidepressants, are poorly adherent, who present with atypical depressive symptoms, or have failed other antidepressants. Symptoms of overdose may be not appear for up to 12 hours and may include excitement, irritability, restlessness, weakness, drowsiness, flushing, sweating, fast heartbeat, headache, confusion, and seizures. Blood tests may be needed to check for any unwanted effects. Additionally, other studies have found no significant adverse effects in patients receiving STS together with cocaine (Houtsmuller et al 2004) or pseudoephedrine (Azzaro et al 2007a). If you do, you may develop agitation, confusion, restlessness, stomach or intestinal symptoms, sudden high body temperature, extremely high blood pressure, or severe seizures. The data from these tyramine challenge studies should allay concerns regarding treatment with STS and dietary interactions. [online] URL: Amsterdam JD. The first reaction was described as: After cheese on toast; within a few minutes face flushed, felt very ill; head and heart pounded most violently, and perspiration was running down her neck. Additionally, the STS is associated with minimal CYP450 mediated drugdrug interactions. Cooper notes that prior to the recognition of the need for dietary restrictions, up to 25% of MAOI-treated patients experienced a tyramine-provoked event (eg, acute hypertension, headache) with serious sequelae such as stroke or death occurring in up to a quarter of the affected patients (Cooper 1989). Barrett JS, Hochadel TJ, Morales RJ, et al. The risk of serotonin syndrome/toxicity may be more likely when you start or increase the dose of these drugs. 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