The most frequently-reported AEs were penile hypervascularity or glans hyperemia (23 study arms; mean 12.7%; range 0% to 100%), anastomosis occlusion (14 study arms; mean 17.7%; range 4 to 51%), and postoperative edema or hematoma (12 study arms; mean 9.2%; range 0% to 24%). 391. 772. 998. Rowland DL, Boedhoe HS, Dohle G et al: Intracavernosal self-injection therapy in men with erectile dysfunction: satisfaction and attrition in 119 patients. Bookshelf Aktuelle Urologie 1996; 5: 271. 407. Int J Clin Pract 2013; 67: 333. Guidelines cannot include evaluation of all data on emerging technologies or management, including those that are FDA-approved, which may immediately come to represent accepted clinical practices. Urology 1999; 53: 19. J Urol 1991; 145: 287. 810. (2016) reported findings from a one-year dose-escalation study in which 12 men post-RP received one of four doses ICI of bone marrow cells.1001 Measures included the IIEF, the EHS, and color DUS. Eardley I, Mirone V, Montorsi F et al: An open-label, multicentre, randomized, crossover study comparing sildenafil citrate and tadalafil for treating erectile dysfunction in men naive to phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitor therapy. Godschalk M, Gheorghiu D, Chen J et al: Long-term efficacy of a new formulation of prostaglandin E1 as treatment for erectile failure. ICI medications are administered by injecting a substance into the corpus cavernosa of the penis to produce an erection. Prevalence of erectile dysfunction and related health concerns in the general population. 302. Frankovicova M and Thoma A: Microvascular treatment of impotence. Data from studies published after the literature search cut-off will be incorporated into the next version of this guideline. Blonde L: Sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction in men with diabetes and cardiovascular risk factors: a retrospective analysis of pooled data from placebo-controlled trials. 952. 177. 393. 784. J Urol 1993; 149: 1301. Jannini EA, Isidori AM, Gravina GL et al: The ENDOTRIAL study: a spontaneous, open-label, randomized, multicenter, crossover study on the efficacy of sildenafil, tadalafil, and vardenafil in the treatment of erectile dysfunction. This pattern was evident when raw data were examined [see International Index of Erectile Function-Erectile Function (IIEF-EF) subscale table in guideline] as well as when the subset of data that could be meta-analyzed were pooled. The objective of these strategies is to counteract pathophysiologic mechanisms of ED induced by prostate cancer treatments. 256. Penile duplex ultrasound (DUS) may be combined with ICI to produce a more detailed and quantitative assessment of penile vascular response, including arterial sufficiency.80 DUS also permits observation of plaques and/or fibrosis of the tunica and corporal bodies. The systematic review yielded a total of 999 publications relevant to preparation of the guideline. Numerous refinements in prosthesis design and materials over time have resulted in decreased failure rates. Thoughtful discussion of these issues with men and their partners is a key component of patient education and can promote acceptance of incorporating a mental health/sexuality expert into the treatment plan. Int J Impot Res 2017; 29: 132. Urol Int 1992; 49: 48. Urology 2000; 55: 477. Sex Med 2015; 3: 42. (Moderate Recommendation; Evidence Level: Grade C), 7. Int Urol Nephrol 1996; 28: 235. Journal of Men's Health 2008; 5: 36. 322. Garber BB and Marcus SM: Does surgical approach affect the incidence of inflatable penile prosthesis infection? Salem EA, Wilson SK, Neeb A et al: Mechanical reliability of AMS 700 CX improved by parylene coating. BJU Int 2006; 97: 129. Bolat MS, Ozer I, Cinar O et al: The efficacy of low-dose tadalafil in patients undergoing hemodialysis with end-stage renal disease. Body of evidence strength. Yu H, Wu H and Rao D: Analysis of the therapeutic effect of tadalafil on male ED after transurethral resection of prostate. Yuan J, Zhang R, Yang Z et al: Comparative effectiveness and safety of oral phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors for erectile dysfunction: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. The purpose of this guideline is to provide a clinical strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Absence of the bulbocavernous reflex is not in itself diagnostic, however, as this reflex is absent in up to 30% of normal patients.51 DRE should be considered for men with TD who may proceed with testosterone therapy. Curr Med Res Opin 2004; 20: 607. 10. J Urol 1998; 159: 811. J Urol 2007; 177: 262. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2007; 3: 975. The purpose of this guideline is to provide a clinical strategy for the diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction (ED). Urology 1994; 43: 84. Taiwan Yi Xue Hui Za Zhi 1988; 87: 182. Ismail M, Abbott L and Hirsch IH: Experience with intracavernous PGE-1 in the treatment of erectile dysfunction: dose considerations and efficacy. Instructions for application include urinating before use because residual urine in the urethra aids in dissolution and dispersal of the medicine along the urethra. Burns PR, Rosen RC, Dunn M et al: Treatment satisfaction of men and partners following switch from on-demand phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor therapy to tadalafil 5 mg once daily. 736. The most commonly-used outcome measure among this group of studies was the percentage of men who reported being satisfied with prosthesis surgery. Kimoto Y, Sakamoto S, Fujikawa K et al: Up-titration of vardena fi l dose from 10 mg to 20 mg improved erectile function in men with spinal cord injury. J Urol 1993; 149: 1285. Park HJ, Kim SW, Kim JJ et al: A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multi-center therapeutic confirmatory study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of avanafil in Korean patients with erectile dysfunction. Dutta TC and Eid JF: Vacuum constriction devices for erectile dysfunction: a long-term, prospective study of patients with mild, moderate, and severe dysfunction. Bar-Moshe O and Vandendris M: Surgical approach of venous leakage. J Urol 1991; 146: 1564. 713. Asian J Androl 2016; 18: 773. The clinician's goal is to work with the man and his partner to find the dose that meets treatment expectations without resulting in unacceptable levels of AEs. 787. Control participants were offered general oral and written information about healthy food choices and increasing physical activity without tailored advice. Acta Urol Belg 1992; 60: 9. Sample sizes in many trials were small. Souper R, Hartmann J, Alvarez M et al: Correlation between peak systolic velocity and diameter of cavernosal arteries in flaccid versus dynamic state for the evaluation of erectile dysfunction. Porst H, Rajfer J, Casabe A et al: Long-term safety and efficacy of tadalafil 5 mg dosed once daily in men with erectile dysfunction. If you have a subscription to The BMJ, log in: Subscribe and get access to all BMJ articles, and much more. Wilson SK, Delk JR, Salem EA et al: Long-term survival of inflatable penile prostheses: single surgical group experience with 2,384 first-time implants spanning two decades. For each treatment, the clinician should ensure that the man and his partner have a full understanding of the benefits and risk/burdens associated with that choice. 73. J Sex Marital Ther 1991; 17: 129. Int J Clin Pract 2010; 64: 594. J Urol 2004; 172: 658. Scand J Urol 2015; 49: 329. Expert Opinion refers to a statement, achieved by consensus of the Panel, that is based on members' clinical training, experience, knowledge, and judgment for which there is no evidence. 744. The mean satisfaction rate across studies of implanted malleable models was somewhat lower at 75.1%. From the history of the drug to information about Viagra's onset of action, potential side effects and more, we've answered 22 of the most common questions about Viagra (as well as its generic drug counterpart, sildenafil) below. Fava M, Nurnberg HG, Seidman SN et al: Efficacy and safety of sildenafil in men with serotonergic antidepressant-associated erectile dysfunction: results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Urology 2004; 64: 1187. Men who have a history of conditions causing tunical scarring, corporal fibrosis, or loss of cavernous smooth muscle should be informed that the prosthesis is unlikely to restore penile dimensions to those present before these conditions occurred. Corona G, Lee DM, Forti G et al: Age-related changes in general and sexual health in middle-aged and older men: results from the European Male Ageing Study (EMAS). Urology 1999; 54: 346. 338. One study reported that 1% of men experienced an episode of prolonged or painful erection.623 There were no reports of priapism. 662. 26. The Princeton III criteria provide guidance regarding when further cardiac evaluation is warranted prior to treating ED by designating patients as low-, intermediate-, or high-risk.69 Low-risk patients may be treated for ED without additional cardiovascular evaluation. Alhathal N, Elshal AM and Carrier S: Synergetic effect of testosterone and phophodiesterase-5 inhibitors in hypogonadal men with erectile dysfunction: a systematic review. Contraindications. Eur Urol 2000; 37: 345. Brambilla DJ, O'Donnell AB, Matsumoto AM et al: Intraindividual variation in levels of serum testosterone and other reproductive and adrenal hormones in men. Ziegler D, Merfort F, Van Ahlen H et al: Efficacy and safety of flexible-dose vardenafil in men with type 1 diabetes and erectile dysfunction. Eur Urol 2012; 61: 878. Sparwasser C, Drescher P, Pust RA et al: Long-term results of therapy with intracavernousal injections and penile venous surgery in chronic erectile dysfunction. Heiman JR, Talley DR, Bailen JL et al: Sexual function and satisfaction in heterosexual couples when men are administered sildenafil citrate (Viagra) for erectile dysfunction: a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. The same patterns can be seen in the graph below that plots mean IIEF-EF baseline scores and mean post-treatment scores for each study by medication (symbols above the diagonal line reflect increased scores from baseline to post-treatment. Hirsch M, Lubetsky R, Goldman H et al: Dorsal vein sclerosis as a predictor of outcome in penile venous ligation surgery. Int Urol Nephrol 2008; 40: 125. Aloui R, Iwaz J, Kokkidis MJ et al: A new vacuum device as alternative treatment for impotence. J Androl 2012; 33: 176. Condorelli RA, Calogero AE, Di Mauro M et al: Effects of tadalafil treatment combined with physical activity in patients with low onset hypogonadism: results from a not-randomized single arm phase 2 study. Nelson RP: Injections of papaverine and regitine into the corpora cavernosa for erectile dysfunction: clinical results in 60 patients. 934. Deuk Choi Y, Jin Choi Y, Hwan Kim J et al: Mechanical reliability of the AMS 700CXM inflatable penile prosthesis for the treatment of male erectile dysfunction. Lunglmayr G, Nachtigall M and Gindl K: Long-term results of deep dorsal penile vein transsection in venous impotence. 50. 808. 312. Derouet H, Caspari D, Rohde V et al: Treatment of erectile dysfunction with external vacuum devices. Br J Urol 1995; 75: 786. 99. There were sufficient dyspepsia data to meta-analyze. Yiou et al. Gould JE, Switters DM, Broderick GA et al: External vacuum devices: a clinical comparison with pharmacologic erections. Radiology 1990; 176: 81. Int J Impot Res 2016; 6: 205. Urology 1991; 37: 531. The authors noted that findings were similar at 12 months post-procedure and that greater effects were associated with higher doses. Body of evidence strength. Moderate Recommendations are directive statements that an action should (benefits outweigh risks/burdens) or should not (risks/burdens outweigh benefits) be undertaken because net benefit or net harm is moderate. Urology 1998; 52: 739. The RCTs varied in methodology in terms the number of pulses per treatment (from 600 to 3,000), the number of treatments per week (one or two), the number of treatment sites (from 3 to 6), and the total number of treatments (from 5 to 12). The phrasing of the questions differs, but essentially question 1 asks whether the study medication has improved erections and question 2 asks whether, if the treatment has improved a man's erections, has his ability to engage in sexual activity improved. Int Braz J Urol 2005; 31: 342. In the U.S., the National Association of Boards of Pharmacy can tell . 971. Nagao K, Ishii N, Kamidono S et al: Safety and efficacy of vardenafil in patients with erectile dysfunction: result of a bridging study in Japan. (2012) examined infection rates among men implanted with the Coloplast Titan model or the AMS 700 series (results not separated by model), which were without any infection-inhibiting coating (n=132) or had an infection-inhibiting coating (n=704).801 Infection rates were 5.3% in the non-coated models and 1.99% in the coated models. In the two studies that compared IU alprostadil to ICI alprostadil, success rates were significantly higher in the ICI group. 93. 79. 593. 128. 923. Woolf PD, Hamill RW, McDonald JV et al: Transient hypogonadotropic hypogonadism caused by critical illness. J Urol 1986; 135: 929. Montorsi F, Brock G, Lee J et al: Effect of nightly versus on-demand vardenafil on recovery of erectile function in men following bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. J Sex Med 2010; 7: 3984. 485. Note that the therapy appeared to move men from the severe to moderate ED category with PDE5i, but this improvement may not be sufficient for satisfactory intercourse without additional ED treatment. 492. 388. Andrologia 2017; 49: e12751. 962. If you prefer, you may contact the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA . An official website of the United States government. Br J Urol 1989; 64: 535. Int J Impot Res 1998; 10: 175. Int J STD AIDS 1993; 4: 214. Vojnosanit Pregl 2007; 64: 399. In office testing. SCI Nurs 1989; 6: 25. Hatzichristou D, Rosen RC, Derogatis LR et al: Recommendations for the clinical evaluation of men and women with sexual dysfunction. 155. 652. Literature searches were performed on English-language publications using the Pubmed, Embase, and Cochrane databases from 1/1/1965 to 7/29/2017. Evidence strength refers to the body of evidence available for a particular question and includes not only individual study quality but consideration of study design; consistency of findings across studies; adequacy of sample sizes; and generalizability of samples, settings, and treatments for the purposes of the guideline. J Urol 1988; 140: 972. J Sex Med 2017; 14: 27. This visit also should include educating men and their partners regarding how to titrate the dose, the advisability of alternating sites with each dose, and how to proceed if a serious AE occurs (i.e., priapism). For all these reasons, the guidelines do not pre-empt physician judgment in individual cases. Morgentaler A, Barada J, Niederberger C et al: Efficacy and safety of tadalafil across ethnic groups and various risk factors in men with erectile dysfunction: use of a novel noninferiority study design. Gilbert P, Sparwasser C, Beckert R et al: Venous surgery in erectile dysfunction. Tsai YS, Lin JS and Lin YM: Safety and efficacy of alprostadil sterile powder (s. 6. 198. Br J Urol 1994; 74: 99. J Urol 1997; 158: 1400. Khoo et al. IU alprostadil is available in doses of 100 g, 250 g, 500 g, and 1,000 g. Lamina et al. In the subgroup of studies that focused on men with only arterial disease, mean complete response rate ranged from 27.0% to 81.6%, and partial responder rate ranged from 7.7% to 45.6%. Kirby M, Creanga DL and Stecher VJ: Erectile function, erection hardness and tolerability in men treated with sildenafil 100 mg vs. 50 mg for erectile dysfunction. Eur Urol 2004; 45: 339. Review article references were checked to ensure inclusion of all possibly relevant studies. Urology 1999; 53: 800. 665. 734. Some studies reported responder rates at various follow-up durations post-surgery. 137. Manou BK, van Tam PN, Sesay M et al: Effect of sildenafil on erectile dysfunction in spinal cord injured patients. Revatio is usually taken three times each day, about 4 to 6 hours apart. 757. The man is advised to walk or stand for approximately 10 min to aid in blood flow. 894. J Sex Med 2009; 6: 2547. If the man has a partner, then the partner's views on ED and treatment should be assessed, when possible. 214. 63. Chen J, Godschalk MF, Katz PG et al: Incidence of penile pain after injection of a new formulation of prostaglandin E1. Scand J Urol Nephrol 1998; 32: 42. Birthi P, Nagar VR, Nickerson R et al: Hypogonadism associated with long-term opioid therapy: a systematic review. Eur Urol 2013; 63: 902. J Urol 2004; 172: 652. 621. In the modern era of prostate cancer management, improving functional outcomes, particularly sexual function, has become a priority. Lubensky JD: Outpatient 3-piece inflatable penile prosthesis. Perimenis P, Gyftopoulos K, Athanasopoulos A et al: Diabetic impotence treated by intracavernosal injections: high treatment compliance and increasing dosage of vaso-active drugs. 851. Moncada I, Martinez-Jabaloyas JM, Rodriguez-Vela L et al: Emotional changes in men treated with sildenafil citrate for erectile dysfunction: a double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. 444. Asian J Androl 2011; 13: 630. (Clinical Principle), Risk markers are attributes that predict increased probability of a disease state but are not part of the causal pathway. 978. 190. 804. Br J Urol 1992; 70: 81. Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions. 972. Raina R, Agarwal A, Allamaneni SS et al: Sildenafil citrate and vacuum constriction device combination enhances sexual satisfaction in erectile dysfunction after radical prostatectomy. 900. Kayigil O, Ahmed SI and Metin A: Deep dorsal vein arterialization in pure cavernoocclusive dysfunction. A randomized controlled trial. Garber BB: Inflatable penile prosthesis: results of 150 cases. Urology 2010; 76: 387. The physician is encouraged to carefully follow all available prescribing information about indications, contraindications, precautions and warnings. Below are those data; for studies that reported response rates at different durations post-surgery, the latest duration was used. 707. If a man with ED has TD, defined as total testosterone <300 ng/dl and the presence of symptoms and signs, and is considering ED treatment with a PDE5i, then he should be counseled that testosterone therapy in combination with a PDE5i is more likely to be effective than the PDE5i alone. A subgroup of studies reported outcomes using the IIEF or the EDITS. Kerfoot WW, Carson CC, Donaldson JT et al: Investigation of vascular changes following penile vein ligation. Int J Impot Res 1994; 6: 145. J Sex Med 2009; 6: 1135. Kaohsiung J Med Sci 2014; 30: 570. Scand J Urol Nephrol 2005; 39: 69. Engel JD: Effect on sexual function of a vacuum erection device post-prostatectomy. Vascular issues are particularly important because in some cases they can be improved with lifestyle interventions, such as dietary changes, weight loss, and increased physical activity (see Guideline Statement 7). BJU Int 2012; 110: 1801. Data from studies of men in the general ED population that administered medications at fixed doses (i.e., did not allow the patient to titrate dose up or down) are below. For other special populations (i.e., spinal cord injury, renal transplant) there are insufficient data for different PDE5i to come to a definitive conclusion. Int J Impot Res 1996; 8: 63. Although many men may choose to begin with the least invasive options (i.e., oral medications), the Panel notes that it is valid for men to begin with any type of treatment, regardless of invasiveness or reversibility. In addition, although 95 men began the ESWT protocol, only 60 men completed the treatment (only 17 of 40 completed the sham protocol), raising questions about the generalizability of findings. Int J Impot Res 2003; 15: 80. Evidence-based statements of Strong, Moderate, or Conditional Recommendation, which can be supported by any body of evidence strength, were developed based on the balance of benefits and risks/burdens to men and their partners. J Urol 2010; 183: 1123. Urol J 2016; 13: 2920. J Sex Med 2012; 9: 1715. 677. Tang WH, Zhuang XJ, Ma LL et al: Effect of sildenafil on erectile dysfunction and improvement in the quality of sexual life in China: a multi-center study. Raina R, Lakin MM, Thukral M et al: Long-term efficacy and compliance of intracorporeal (IC) injection for erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy: SHIM (IIEF-5) analysis. Hatzinger M, Seemann O, Grenacher L et al: Laparoscopy-assisted penile revascularization: a new method. As medical knowledge expands and technology advances, the guidelines will change. 404. Of the 12 studies that reported patient satisfaction rates, six rates were 80% or higher and eleven studies reported rates of 60% or higher. See also Prescribing in the elderly. Men post-RP reported higher rates of AEs in response to sildenafil than in response to other PDE5i. J Urol 1990; 144: 1154. Armstrong DK, Convery AG and Dinsmore WW: Reasons for patient drop-out from an intracavernous auto-injection programme for erectile dysfunction. 777. Eur Urol 2004; 45: 634. Curr Urol Rep 2003; 4: 466. Follow all directions on your prescription label and read all medication guides or instruction sheets. Jarow JP: Risk factors for penile prosthetic infection. ED is defined as the inability to attain and/or maintain penile erection sufficient for satisfactory sexual performance.5 The Panel also endorses the Fourth International Consultation on Sexual Medicine's ED definition as the consistent or recurrent inability to attain and/or maintain penile erection sufficient for sexual satisfaction.6. For phosphodiesterase type-5 inhibitors, prescription potentially inappropriate (STOPP criteria) in severe heart failure characterised by hypotension i.e. Other comorbidities or risk factors commonly associated with ED include depression, smoking, premature ejaculation (PE), lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), and other causes of voiding dysfunction, such as overactive bladder. 458. Int J Clin Pract 2005; 59: 143. J Androl 2012; 33: 397. 629. Chen RN, Lakin MM, Montague DK et al: Penile scarring with intracavernous injection therapy using prostaglandin E1: a risk factor analysis. (Strong Recommendation; Evidence Level: Grade C), 19. Segenreich E, Israilov SR, Shmueli J et al: Vacuum therapy combined with psychotherapy for management of severe erectile dysfunction. 5. Buvat J, Hatzichristou D, Maggi M et al: Efficacy, tolerability and satisfaction with sildenafil citrate 100-mg titration compared with continued 50-mg dose treatment in men with erectile dysfunction. McKinlay JB: The worldwide prevalence and epidemiology of erectile dysfunction. Advancements in ED management can be expected to continue into the future in parallel with ongoing progress in the field of sexual medicine more broadly. 546. Ekman P, Sjogren L, Englund G et al: Optimizing the therapeutic approach of transurethral alprostadil. Categorizing ED severity involves integrating findings from the history and physical, responses to questionnaire content, and any additional diagnostic tests undertaken. J Sex Med 2005; 2: 842. Kirilmaz U, Guzel O, Aslan Y et al: The effect of lifestyle modification and glycemic control on the efficiency of sildenafil citrate in patients with erectile dysfunction due to type-2 diabetes mellitus. Get the facts on Viagra and other oral erectile dysfunction medications. Wylie KR, Jones RH and Walters S: The potential benefit of vacuum devices augmenting psychosexual therapy for erectile dysfunction: a randomized controlled trial. Pozza D, Pozza M, Musy M et al: 500 penile prostheses implanted by a surgeon in Italy in the last 30 years. Fewer studies focused on special populations, but in general, findings are similar to those reported in the general ED population.320-499For example, the available data suggest that the PDE5i have similar efficacy. 304. Rates were generally high for inflatable models (AMS 700 series - 83.3% and studies that used other, multiple, or unspecified inflatable models - 88.2%), and the AMS Spectra malleable model (89.5%). The Panel conceptualizes ED as the inability to attain and/or maintain sufficient penile rigidity for sexual satisfaction that occurs in the complex psychosocial context that includes a man's background and beliefs about sexuality, his partner, and that partner's values relevant to sexuality. Padma-Nathan H, Hellstrom WJ, Kaiser FE et al: Treatment of men with erectile dysfunction with transurethral alprostadil. 260. 104. Andrology 2015; 3: 909. J Sex Med 2010; 7: 304. 377. PDE5i inhibit the phosphodiesterase type 5 enzyme from breaking down cyclic guanasine monophosphate (cGMP). 208. Body of evidence strength Grade C is only rarely used in support of a Strong Recommendation. 4. 2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION 2.1 Dosage Information For most patients, the recommended dose is 50mg taken, as needed, approximately 1hour before sexual activity. J Sex Med 2005; 2: 819. DePalma RG, Olding M, Yu GW et al: Vascular interventions for impotence: lessons learned. 605. Int J Impot Res 2006; 18: 210. 368. 10. Merrill DC: Clinical experience with the mentor inflatable penile prosthesis in 301 patients. Sandhu D, Curless E, Dean J et al: A double blind, placebo controlled study of intracavernosal vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and phenotolamine mesylate in a novel auto-injector for the treatment of non-psychogenic erectile dysfunction. Men should be counseled that ED is a risk marker for underlying cardiovascular disease (CVD) and other health conditions that may warrant evaluation and treatment. (Moderate Recommendation; Evidence Level: Grade C), 12. Eur Urol 2006; 50: 351. Montorsi F, Briganti A, Salonia A et al: Erectile dysfunction prevalence, time of onset and association with risk factors in 300 consecutive patients with acute chest pain and angiographically documented coronary artery disease. Psychogenic ED is generally driven by a man's anxiety related to the ability to achieve an erection. Urology 2016; 98: 189. 663. Cooper AJ: Evaluation of I-C papaverine in patients with psychogenic and organic impotence. 484. Litwin MS, Flanders SC, Pasta DJ et al: Sexual function and bother after radical prostatectomy or radiation for prostate cancer: multivariate quality-of-life analysis from CaPSURE. Urology 1988; 31: 483. 1002. (2012) reported at one month post-treatment that IIEF-EF scores were mean 19.3 in the ESWT group compared to 14.5 in the sham group (baseline values of 12.6 and 11.5, respectively) and that more men in the ESWT group (65%) reported a 5 point or greater IIEF-EF score increase than in the sham group (20%).988 However, the ESWT group mean score is in the mild to moderate ED range and suggests that many men may have continued to require adjunctive ED treatment. Both groups were followed for five months after treatment. The general physical examination should include assessment for signs of TD (e.g., gynecomastia, under-developed facial/pubic/axillary hair). The clinician should select a dose for in-office testing that is expected to produce an erection sufficient for intercourse. BJU Int 2010; 106: 1524. 882. JAMA 2004; 291: 2978. *. 411. General consistency of the penile tissue can be assessed. However, even among studies that focused on men with only veno-occlusive dysfunction, complete response rates ranged from 11.4% to 84.0%; partial responder rates ranged from 8.3% to 64.3%. 684. 841. (Strong Recommendation; Evidence Level: Grade C), 10. J Urol 1996; 156: 982. (2013) placed 90 obese men on a low calorie diet and randomized them to perform moderate-intensity exercise (< 150 min/week) or high-intensity exercise (200-300 min/week).105 At six months follow-up, the men in the high-intensity group had greater increases in the IIEF-5 (from 18.1 to 20.7) compared to the low-intensity group (18.3 to 20.1), but the difference between groups was small (0.8 points). , Goldman H et al: Effect on sexual function, has become priority. 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