Cruz BA, Queiroz ED, Nunes SV, Cruz Filho A, Campos GB, Monteiro EL, Crivellari H. [Severe Raynaud's phenomenon associated with interferonbeta therapy for multiple sclerosis: case report]. Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with escitalopram Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. Amphetaminelike drugs have also been associated with the emergence of RP and vasculopathy, as has phentermine, a weak sympathomimetic agent, used most commonly as an appetite suppressant in the treatment of obesity 53. Arthritis Rheum. Lexapro (escitalopram) is an antidepressant from the group of drugs called selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and is used to treat certain types of depression and anxiety. Motegi SI, Uehara A, Yamada K, Sekiguchi A, Fujiwara C, Toki S, et al. Ranolazine is a new medication that does not affect the blood pressure or heart rate and is used to treat: chronic stable angia. Share cases and questions with Physicians on Medscape consult. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Elliot Goldberg, MD is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians, American College of RheumatologyDisclosure: Nothing to disclose. VandenBurg MJ, Evans SJW, Cooper WD, Bradshaw F, Currie WJC. Barreira RI, Garca BB, Lpez MG, Legazpi IR, Daz H, Penn IR. . Foss SD, Lehne G, Heimdal K, Theodorsen L. Clinical and biochemical longterm toxicity after postoperative cisplatinbased chemotherapy in patients with lowstage testicular cancer. Reiser M, Bruns C, Hartmann P, Salzberger B, Diehl V, Ftkenheuer G. Raynaud's phenomenon and acral necrosis after chemotherapy for AIDSrelated Kaposi's sarcoma, Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis Off Publ Eur Soc Clin Microbiol. Herrick AL. [Full Text]. 2017 Jul 6. Notice the discoloration of the fingers. 2021. Clinical findings varied from mild and transient vasospasm (1 h after injection) to digital necrosis in 14 cases. A systematic review of English and French language articles was performed through Medline (19462015) and Embase (19742015). Cases of RP induced by central nervous system stimulants have been reported 50. Severe case and literature review of primary erythromelalgia: Novel SCN9A gene mutation. Wigley FM, Flavahan NA. Dr Evren Caglayan and colleagues, working with Dr Stephan Rosenkranz (University of Kln, Germany), who reported the sildenafil effect, now report that vardenafil (Levitra, Bayer) significantly. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. 31 Nevertheless, a large casecontrol study (542 cases and 2155 controls) did not support the association between dopamine agonists and an increased risk of ischaemic events requiring hospitalization 35. AJR Am J Roentgenol. Currently this discrepancy between vasoconstriction and vasodilatation remains unexplained. Fluoxetine selectively inhibits presynaptic serotonin reuptake with minimal or no effect in the reuptake of norepinephrine or dopamine. It was first described by Maurice Raynaud over 100 years ago [ 1 ], and may occur as a primary phenomenon or may be secondary to other disorders, such as systemic sclerosis. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Vardenafil has been used in dosages of 10 mg twice daily for Raynaud phenomenon. Grger A, Aslani A, Wolter T, Noah EM, Pallua N. Schneider F, AbdoucheliBaudot N, Tassart M, Boudghne F, Gouny P. [Cannabis and tobacco: cofactors favoring juvenile obliterative arteriopathy], Vasospastic tendency and Raynaud's phenomenon in smelter workers exposed to arsenic. Unfortunately this study did not provide detailed information on RP. These symptoms caused by the constriction of small blood vessels in the hands or feetcan last for seconds to hours, but most often last around 15 minutes. Has been found to be effective for secondary Raynaud syndrome. 24(6):983-91. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Raynaud's Syndrome is a condition in which cold temperatures or strong emotions cause blood vessel spasms that block blood flow to the fingers, toes, ears, and nose. Hand Clin. The need for future high quality research including prospective and vascular physiology studies to clarify these mechanisms is obvious. Original studies focused on the effectiveness of sildenafil (Viagra) for Raynaud's disease. Suter LG, Murabito JM, Felson DT, Fraenkel L. The incidence and natural history of Raynaud's phenomenon in the community. Duprez DA. for: Medscape. enalapril) Fluoxetine. Failure of a pure anti-platelet drug to decrease the number of attacks more than placebo in patients with Raynaud's phenomenon. Deshayes S, Auboire L, Jaussaud R, Lidove O, Parienti JJ, Triclin N, et al. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. Examination by in vivo microscopy. 2012 Jun. Evening Primrose. 2017 Mar. These agents inhibit vessel constriction and elevation of blood pressure by competitively binding to endothelin-1 (ET-1) receptors ETA and ETB in endothelium and vascular smooth muscle. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Prozac has active ingredients of fluoxetine hydrochloride. A recent metaanalysis of cisplatinbased chemotherapies included 24 studies (n=2479 patients) and found a prevalence of RP of 24% (95% CI, 17.5, 31.3) 72. It may promote fibrinolysis by stimulating production of tissue plasminogen activator. In addition, Losartan does not affect the response to bradykinin and is less likely to be associated with cough and angioedema. Causes Experts don't fully understand the cause of Raynaud's attacks. , Roustit, M. 336(8730):1530-3. 19 (3):102458. No significant correlation was seen with the cumulative or single doses of cisplatin, etoposide or vinblastine, serum magnesium concentrations during or after chemotherapy or a history of smoking 73. However the case of dose dependent RP following the use of atomoxetin on a girl has recently been described 52. As a library, NLM provides access to scientific literature. By Lisa Esposito Dec. 23, 2019, at 4:14 p.m. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Numerous case reports illustrating this effect are found in the literature 25, 26. PLoS One. 29(2):89-91. Among 253 records screened, 131 full texts were assessed for eligibility and included is the review (Figure1). Can Fam Physician. Glendenning JL, Barbachano Y, Norman AR, Dearnaley DP, Horwich A, Huddart RA. A metaanalysis published in 2012 that included 13 studies (1012 patients) found a prevalence of 14.7% in patients receiving adrenoceptor blockers 4. On the one hand, SSRIs have been proposed as a treatment for RP, following the observation of the relief of patients with erythromelalgia or RP with fluoxetine and sertraline 38, or paroxetine and escitalopram 39. None is currently approved for this indication by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Nietert PJ, Shaftman SR, Silver RM, Wolf BJ, Egan BM, Hunt KJ, et al. Some studies showed an exaggerated response to cold not only in patients with RP but also in patients without finger symptoms before testicular chemotherapy 74, 98. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies BMC Rheumatol. A case of emerging RP 2 days after beginning tergaserod treatment, a partial 5HT4 serotonin receptor agonist, has also been described 47. TfeltHansen P, Saxena PR, Dahlf C, Pascual J, Linez M, Henry P, Diener HC, Schoenen J, Ferrari MD, Goadsby. Motegi SI, Uehara A, Yamada K, Sekiguchi A, Fujiwara C, Toki S, et al. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). Irbesartan blocks the vasoconstrictive and aldosterone-secreting effects of angiotensin II at the tissue receptor site In addition, it does not affect the response to bradykinin and is less likely to be associated with cough and angioedema. Silman A, Holligan S, Brennan P, Maddison P. Prevalence of symptoms of Raynaud's phenomenon in general practice. Jeffrey R Lisse, MD, FACP is a member of the following medical societies: Alpha Omega Alpha, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, American College of Rheumatology, American Geriatrics Society, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor SocietyDisclosure: Received consulting fee from Genentech for consulting; Received consulting fee from Centacor for consulting; Received consulting fee from Novartis for review panel membership. 1999 Dec. 42(12):2646-55. Medications Used To Treat Raynaud Phenomenon. [Full Text]. Nat Rev Rheumatol. Bunker CB, Terenghi G, Springall DR, Polak JM, Dowd PM. The treatment period was variable and lasted from 2 weeks to 49 months (mean 15.5 months). Alprostadil (Prostaglandin E1) is used primarily to keep patency of ductus arteriosus but also has a mild pulmonary vasodilatory effect. It is worth noting that drugs increasing blood viscosity such as erythropoietins or intravenous immunoglobulins are not a known cause of RP. 2018 Aug 22. 1990 Apr. Ergotamine and its derivatives are used to treat migraine disorders and cluster headache 21. Circulation. Photo of a patient with Raynaud phenomenon that resulted from working with a jackhammer. The cancer chemotherapy associated Vinca alkaloids, cisplatin and bleomycin. 8600 Rockville Pike Qiu O, Chan T, Luen M, Cruz JE, Hermes-DeSantis ER. Indeed, fluoxetine blocks the uptake of serotonin by platelets and decreases the amount of serotonin that is released during platelet activation/aggregation, which may explain the favourable outcome in patients with primary or secondary RP participating in an open randomized clinical trial 40. However numerous hypotheses have been proposed: a direct vasospastic effect 113, 120, increasing levels of intracellular fibroblast growth factor in endothelial cells leading to proliferation of these cells and increasing angiogenesis 121 and induction or exacerbation of a dormant collagen disease 109. 2014 May. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. 2000 Apr. 2005 May. An official website of the United States government. [Full Text]. Therefore, when these treatments are started in patients with a history of RP, careful monitoring must be made and, if possible, alternative therapies that do not alter peripheral blood flow should be considered. Raynaud's Phenomenon From PD-1 Immune Checkpoint Inhibition. A retrospective casecontrol study investigated whether medications used for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) were associated with the development of RP. 2016 Jul. RP would appear at the same time as the tubular damage. Raynaud's phenomenon and serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Tthov E, Kafkov A, Stecov N, Fricov M, Guman T, Svorcov E. Immunemediated complications during interferon alpha therapy in chronic myelogenous leukemia, Raynaud's phenomenon and cryoglobulinaemia associated with the use of recombinant human alphainterferon, Interferonassociated retinopathy during the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: a systematic review. J Cutan Med Surg. Merritt WH. Hladunewich M, Sawka C, Fam A, Franssen E. Raynaud's phenomenon and digital gangrene as a consequence of treatment for Kaposi's sarcoma. , Hughes, M Is the feeling of cold extremities experienced by hypertensive patients due to their disease or their treatment? Blood vessels narrow and can almost shut down, causing the fingers or toes to turn from white to blue . Mueller M, Gschwandtner ME, Gamper J, Giurgea GA, Charwat-Resl S, Kiener HP, et al. In contrast, SSRIs decrease the amount of serotonin that is released during platelet activation/aggregation. Scand J Rheumatol. 2013 Apr-Jun. However, new signals are emerging from numerous case reports. Fontana L, Marion MJ, Ughetto S, Catilina P. Glutathione Stransferase M1 and GST T1 genetic polymorphisms and Raynaud's phenomenon in French vinyl chloride monomerexposed workers. Severe Raynaud's phenomenon with chronic hepatis C disease treated with interferon. They authors do not have any conflict of interest that might bias the present work. Capillary abnormalities in polyvinyl chloride production workers. Secondary causes of Raynaud's include lupus . Nifedipine inhibits transmembrane influx of extracellular calcium ions across myocardial and vascular smooth muscle cell membranes without changing serum calcium concentrations; this results in inhibition of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle contraction, with consequent dilation of main coronary and systemic arteries. Villier, C. Lemberger L, Bergstrom RF, Wolen RL, Farid NA, Enas GG, Aronoff GR. Moreover, direct activation of 2adrenoceptors by bromocriptine has been described and could explain increased sensitivity to cold 34, like clonidine. Cracowski, J. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Treatment of Raynaud's phenomenon with escitalopram. Umair HM, Sandler RD, Alunno A, Matucci-Cerinic M, Hughes M. Association between central nervous system stimulants used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Raynaud's phenomenon: A scoping review. [Full Text]. Carpal tunnel syndrome. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2009 May. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar], National Library of Medicine Spontaneous recovery occurred for 50% of them after withdrawal of the drug. Maricq HR, Johnson MN, Whetstone CL, LeRoy EC. Nevertheless, emergence of severe RP with digital necrosis after a single cycle of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vincristine and dacarbazine chemotherapy, with a cumulative dose of only 40000 IU of bleomycin has also been described 82. Tamaki Z, Asano Y, Hatano M, Yao A, Kawashima T, Tomita M, Kinugawa K, Nagai R, Sato S. Efficacy of lowdose imatinib mesylate for cutaneous involvement in systemic sclerosis: a preliminary report of three cases, Raynaudlike phenomenon in two patients on nilotinib. Recent data suggest a possible involvement of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), through an unknown mechanism. This probably contributes to the underestimation of druginduced RP, as well as the fact that RP is a usually benign condition. 48(7):1992-2000. There is no evident explanation for this discrepancy, but the studies have small sample size. Migraine medications that contain ergotamine or sumatriptan have been associated with vasoconstriction and subsequently Raynaud's. Stefenelli T, Kuzmits R, Ulrich W, Glogar D. Acute vascular toxicity after combination chemotherapy with cisplatin, vinblastine, and bleomycin for testicular cancer, [Raynaud's phenomenon following combined cytostatic treatment of malignant testicular tumours], Raynaud's phenomenon as a side effect of chemotherapy with vinblastine and bleomycin for testicular carcinoma. On the other hand, exactly the opposite reaction has been described with other TKIs. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Patients were divided between chemotherapy (n = 384) and nonchemotherapy (n=355) groups. eHealthMe is studying from 78,705 Prozac users for its effectiveness, alternative drugs and more. Edwards CM, Marshall JM, Pugh M. Lack of habituation of the pattern of cardiovascular response evoked by sound in subjects with primary Raynaud's disease. Rheumatol Int. Increased vascular tone may be related to increased sympathetic activation, but also to endothelial dysfunction or neurotoxicity. A study of 108 patients with SSc found a higher level of IFN in patients with associated RP and suggested a pathogenic role of INF in SSc patients with RP, but this role still remains unclear 127. We found an article that further confirms the potential benefits offered by the ED drugs for Raynaud's sufferers, particularly when traditional treatments such as vasodilators and topical nitroglycerine-based creams provide insufficient relief or aren't well tolerated. J Am Acad Dermatol. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Ennis H, Hughes M, Anderson ME, Wilkinson J, Herrick AL. 375 (6):556-65. The disorder may be primary or secondary. [QxMD MEDLINE Link]. Arbouw MEL, Movig KLL, Guchelaar HJ, Neef C, Egberts TCG. 1993 Nov. 46(5):795-804. However, some case reports describe exacerbation of Raynaud syndrome following the initiation of SSRI treatment. Wien Klin Wochenschr. The positive results prompted researchers to study newer drugs in the ED class as potential therapies for Raynaud's, including vardenafil (Levitra) and taldalafil (Cialis) - both drugs appear promising in their ability to reduce the duration and . Neuromuscular Blocker Agents, Botulinum Toxins, American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine, Sigma Xi, The Scientific Research Honor Society, Central Society for Clinical and Translational Research. Herrick AL. First descriptions of chemotherapyinduced RP were related to treatments for testicular cancer 70, 71, 72. Digital gangrene in a patient with primary Raynaud's phenomenon. https://profreg.medscape.com/px/getpracticeprofile.do?method=getProfessionalProfile&urlCache=aHR0cHM6Ly9lbWVkaWNpbmUubWVkc2NhcGUuY29tL2FydGljbGUvMzMxMTk3LW1lZGljYXRpb24=, The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine, The angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) losartan. An Autoimmune Basis for Raynaud's Phenomenon: Murine Model and Human Disease. Coleiro B, Marshall SE, Denton CP, Howell K, Blann A, Welsh KI, Black CM. What is Prozac? Shen SC, House RA. intrinsic sympathomimetic activity, 1selectivity, vasodilator activity) should theoretically influence their propensity to induce peripheral vasoconstriction, although studies report conflicting results 13, 14, 15, 16. Sjw, Cooper WD, Bradshaw F, Currie WJC have any conflict of interest that might bias present. During platelet activation/aggregation coleiro B, Marshall SE, Denton CP, Howell K, a... Howell K, Sekiguchi a, Fujiwara C, Egberts TCG treatment, a partial 5HT4 serotonin receptor agonist has. Primary erythromelalgia: Novel SCN9A gene mutation endothelial dysfunction or neurotoxicity and used! Pure anti-platelet drug to decrease the amount of serotonin that is released during platelet activation/aggregation in cases... 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